Pakistan Studies · May / June 2022 · Paper 21 · Question 2

Study Fig. 2.1, a map showing three desert areas in southern and western Pakistan.

Name either desert X or desert Y.

X

Kharan

or

Y

Thal

Note: Both gaps must be filled correctly for 1 mark.

1 @ 1 mark

Using Fig. 2.1 only, describe the location of the desert named in (a)(i) above.

X (Kharan desert):

Y (Thal desert):

in Balochistan

in Punjab

in the west/south-west of Pakistan

in central Pakistan

(close to) border with

not near an international border/on Afghanistan/Iran

KPK border

north of Arabian sea

north-east of Arabian sea

west of Thar desert/south-west of

north of Thar desert/north-east of Thal desert

Kharan desert

west/north-west of Sindh/south-

north or north-east of Sindh, south west of KPK/west of Punjab

or south-east of KPK, north-east or east of Iran/south of

east of Balochistan

Afghanistan/west or north-west of

north or north-east of India/east or India

south-east of Afghanistan/north- east of Iran

27 – 30°N and 61 – 66°E

29 – 32°N and 71 – 72°E

Note: Max. 1 mark for accurate direction to/from named features.

3 @ 1 mark

Study Fig. 2.2 (Insert), a photograph of part of the Thar desert. Using Fig. 2.2 only, state two features of the desert shown.

2 @ 1 mark

Explain how desert areas influence the development of road networks in Pakistan. You should develop your answer.

Note: 1 mark for simple point and a further mark for the development of the point. 1 mark for second simple point and a further mark for development of the second point.

Note: Max. 2 marks if no development

2 @ 2 marks

Describe the effect of latitude on day length and temperature in Pakistan.

day length:

or

(Pakistan is in the northern hemisphere so) is tilted away from the sun; therefore has short(er)/fewer daylight hours during winter

temperature:

or

northern Pakistan is further from the equator; so has lower temperatures than southern Pakistan

concentrated/direct/intense rays/of the sun; resulting in higher temperatures

or

the sun’s rays are dispersed/spread over a larger surface area in the north; so northern Pakistan is cooler than the south

or

the sun’s rays are at a lower angle of incidence in northern Pakistan; making temperatures lower

Note: 2 marks for effect of latitude. 1 mark for effect on day length, 1 mark for effect on temperature

2 @ 2 marks

Which of the following factors cause seasonal variations in Pakistan’s climate? Tick (✓) two boxes in the table below:

2 @ 1 mark

Describe the characteristics of an arid climate in Pakistan.

3 @ 1 mark

In 2019, more than 1.2 million people experienced food shortages in the south of Pakistan due to drought.

Evaluate the extent to which extremes of climate influence the lives of people and the economy in Pakistan. Give reasons to support your judgement and refer to examples you have studied. You should consider different points of view in your answer.

Levels marking

No valid response

0 Level 1

1–2 Simple point referring to one view (1)

Simple points referring to any view (2)

Level 2

3–4 Developed point referring to one view only (3)

Developed points referring to both views (4)

Level 3

5–6 Developed points referring to both views with evaluation or relevant example (5)

Developed points referring to both views with evaluation and relevant example (6)

Content Guide

extremes of climate negatively/have great impact on the lives of people and the economy such as:

e.g. extreme cold/rainfall/storms/flooding:

e.g. lack of rainfall/high temperatures/droughts:

extremes of climate have benefits/have little impact on the lives of people and the economy such as: