Pakistan Studies 0448 May / June 2022 Paper 11 Question 4

4(a) Describe the terms of the Rowlatt Act. Target: AO1 One mark for each relevant point. Additional mark for supporting detail. Indicative content people could be tried in private [1] by 3 High Court Judges [1] there was no right of appeal people could be ordered where to live people were stopped…

Pakistan Studies · May / June 2022 · Paper 11 · Question 4

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4(a)[4]
Describe the terms of the Rowlatt Act.
Target: AO1
One mark for each relevant point. Additional mark for supporting detail. Indicative content
people could be tried in private [1] by 3 High Court Judges [1]
there was no right of appeal
people could be ordered where to live
people were stopped from holding meetings
detention without bail
people could be arrested without warrant [1] and kept in prison without trial [1]
it was enacted in 1919
Other relevant responses should also be credited.
4(b)[7]
Explain why Pakistan becoming a nuclear power was significant. Target: AO1, AO2
Mark according to the level of response descriptors in Table 1.
Indicative content
a response to India developing nuclear weapons
recognition of the military threat posed by India
political will to modernise Pakistan, encourage industrial development and develop nuclear energy
to project Pakistan on the world stage
it enhanced national pride
it affected Pakistan’s relationship with the USA with a subsequent impact on the economy
it encouraged co-operation between Pakistan and India in the 1990s over the nuclear threat
some people feared it may make the region/world less stable
Other relevant responses should also be credited.
Level of response, Table 1: used to mark the part (c) question in Section A and part (b) questions in Section B
Target: Demonstrates knowledge and understanding of the past through historical explanation (AO1, AO2)
Level 3 (5–7 marks): Explanation
one explanation [5]
two explanations or one developed explanation [6]
additional explanation(s) and/or developed explanation(s) [7]
Supported by relevant and accurate contextual knowledge
Level 2 (2–4 marks): Identification/description
Identifies and/or describes using relevant and accurate contextual
knowledge (1 mark per identification/description)
Level 1 (1 mark): General answer
Valid general comment lacking specific knowledge
Level 0 (0 marks): No creditable response
4(c)[14]
Assess the effectiveness of the domestic policies introduced by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto between 1971 and 1977. Explain your answer.
Target: AO1, AO2
Mark according to the level of response descriptors in Table 2.
May agree that Zulfikar Ali Bhutto’s domestic policies between 1971 and 1977 were effective:
the new constitution in 1973 safeguarded minority interests
health policy aimed to improve infant mortality and life expectancy rates
education policy introduced free primary education for all children
profits from nationalised companies were used to improve public services such as hospitals and schools
industrial reform led to inflation falling from 25% (1972) to 6% (1976)
introduction of security of tenure for agricultural tenants and a ceiling on land ownership
counter-arguments might include:
the new constitution placed all political power with Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
the reform of the armed forces was opposed
health policy inadvertently led to chemists’ profits falling
education reforms led to overcrowding in schools
many of these policies would take decades to become fully effective
the newly nationalised industries became overly bureaucratic
landowners were often able to circumvent the land reforms
Other relevant responses should also be credited.
Level of response, Table 2: used to mark the part (c) questions in Section B
Target: Demonstrates knowledge and understanding of the past through historical explanation and an ability to analyse and evaluate historical events (AO1, AO2)
Level 5 (13–14 marks): Explanation with evaluation/judgement
explanation at the top of Level 4 with an evaluation/judgement supported by relevant and accurate contextual knowledge [13]
explanation at the top of Level 4 with a developed evaluation/ judgement supported by relevant and accurate contextual knowledge [14]
Level 4 (10–12 marks): Explanation of both sides of the issue
one explanation of each side of the issue [10]
two explanations or one developed explanation of one side of the issue and an explanation of the other side of the issue [11]
additional explanation(s) and/or developed explanation(s) from either side of the issue [12]
Supported by relevant and accurate contextual knowledge
Level 3 (7–9 marks): Explanation of one side of the issue
one explanation [7]
two explanations or one developed explanation [8]
additional explanation(s) and/or developed explanation(s) [9]
Supported by relevant and accurate contextual knowledge
Level 2 (3–6 marks): Identification/description of the issue
Identifies and/or describes the issue using relevant and accurate contextual
knowledge (1 mark per identification/description)
Level 1 (1–2 marks): General answer
Valid general comment(s) lacking specific subject knowledge (1 mark per
general comment)
Level 0 (0 marks): No creditable response

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