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Pakistan Studies · Oct / Nov 2020 · Paper 21 · Question 3

0448

As printed in the paper

The question as text

Study Fig. 3.1, a diagram showing oil prospecting and drilling. Fig. 3.1

Read automatically from the paper; the printed page above is exact.

Show the answer and mark scheme

  • 3(a)(i)[2]

    Study Fig. 3.1, a diagram showing oil prospecting and drilling. Complete the labels on Fig. 3.1 by choosing the correct words from the list below:

    refinery

    pipe

    derrick

    1 mark for 1–2 labels correct, 1 mark for third correct label

    2 @ 1 mark

  • 3(a)(ii)[2]

    Study Fig. 3.2, a line graph showing daily oil consumption in Pakistan from 2007 to 2017. Complete Fig. 3.2 by plotting daily oil consumption in 2012 using the information below.

    1 mark for accurate plot of 410 barrels of oil consumed per day for 2012, 1 mark for accurate completion of line

    2@ 1 mark

  • 3(a)(iii)[1]

    How many barrels of crude oil were produced per day in Pakistan in 2019? Circle the correct answer.

    91 000

    1 @ 1 mark

  • 3(a)(iv)[2]

    State two ways that oil is transported on land in Pakistan.

    pipeline(s)/pipes
    road/tanker/barrels/truck/lorry
    rail/tanker

    2 @ 1 mark

  • 3(b)(i)[1]

    Define the term ‘refined’.

    Cleansing/purification/removal/separation of impurities/substances/ unwanted elements/toxins are removed (by processing/industrial

    processes).

    1 @ 1 mark

  • 3(b)(ii)[3]

    Study Fig. 3.3 (Insert), a photograph of an oil refinery in Pakistan. Using Fig. 3.3 only, describe the features of the oil refinery shown.

    large/huge/vast/wide area of land;
    built on flat land;
    round buildings/square buildings;
    storage tanks/storage cylinders;
    (tall) towers/chimneys/columns;
    grey/white/striped/blue buildings;
    (raised) pipelines/pipes;
    different coloured/curved pipe(line)s;
    roads/pathways;
    crane;
    air conditioning units;
    scaffolding/ladders;
    mostly made from metal.

    3 @ 1 mark

  • 3(b)(iii)[4]

    Name two refineries in Pakistan and state where each one is located

    Attock: Morgah/Potwar Plateau/Rawalpindi;
    Pak-Arab PARCO; Mehmood Kot/Muzzafargarh/Multan District;
    Byco Petroleum; Khalifa Point/Hub
    Pakistan refinery; Karachi;
    National refinery; Karachi;
    ENAR refinery; Karachi;
    Trans-Asia refinery; Karachi;
    Byco refinery; Karachi;
    Bosicor refinery; Hub/Karachi;
    Khalifa Coastal refinery; Lasbela District / Kharan.

    4 @ 1 mark

  • 3(c)[4]

    Explain how oil is used to generate electricity in a thermal power station. You should develop your answer.

    oil is burnt/used as fuel (1) heats water/generating heat (dev)
    heat boils water (1) which then turns to steam (dev)
    steam turns a turbine (1) producing electricity in the generator (dev)
    steam produced (1) transfers kinetic/potential energy to electrical energy (dev)
    transformers control the voltage (1) and then transfer the electricity to where it is needed via power lines and pylons (dev)

    Note: One mark for identification of appropriate idea and a further mark for development.

    Note: Possible opportunity to allow a further mark or marks for additional development.

    Note: Max. 2 marks if no development.

    2 @ 2marks

  • 3(d)[6]

    In 2017 Pakistan discovered its largest oil and gas reserve at Jhandial Well. It is expected that at least 292 billion cubic feet of gas and 23 million barrels of oil can be recovered.

    Evaluate whether Pakistan should develop new oil and gas reserves. Give reasons to support your judgement and refer to examples you have studied. You should consider different points of view in your answer.

    Levels marking

    No valid response 0

    Level 1

    1–2 Simple point referring to one view (1)

    Simple points referring to any view (2)

    Level 2

    3–4 Developed point referring to one view (3)

    Developed points referring to both views (4)

    Level 3

    5–6 Developed points referring to both views with evaluation or relevant example (5)

    Developed points referring to both views with evaluation and relevant example (6)

    Content Guide

    Answers are likely to refer to:

    Develop new oil and gas reserves

    Pakistan has an energy crisis so any new reserve will help to solve this;
    Jhandial is a sizeable find/bigger than previous reserves so worth investing in;
    both gas and oil have been found there;
    Pakistan will save money/foreign exchange on importing oil;

    Etc.

    Ideas against further development

    it is expensive to exploit the new reserves;
    foreign investors like China may be needed to extract the gas and oil;
    dependence on other countries will outweigh the benefits of

    finding/using the oil and gas found;

    an improved infrastructure is needed to exploit the resources or transport them to where they are needed;
    lack of trained personnel may hinder the exploitation of resources;
    oil and gas are fossil fuels and therefore finite;
    dependence on other countries will outweigh the benefits of

    finding/using the oil and gas found;

    an improved infrastructure is needed to exploit the resources or transport them to where they are needed;
    further environmental degradation will occur from extracting and transporting these resources;
    Jhandial will only help in the short term hence, Pakistan should be looking for more sustainable solutions to the energy crisis/ Pakistan should be looking to invest in alternative energy sources over non- renewable sources;

    Etc.

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