Pakistan Studies · May / June 2020 · Paper 21 · Question 2

A = Muree

B = Quetta

2 @ 1 mark

City B plot and line completed accurately on climate graph (Fig. 2.2) 2 @ 1 mark

Ideas such as:

A has more rain than B;

B has higher summer temperatures than A;

Both have low winter temperatures;

A has a rainy season during summer months whereas B has a rainy season during the winter months;

Total rainfall is higher in A than B;

Annual temperature range in B is 24 °C whereas in A it is 16 °C;

Highest rainfall in A is 342 mm in July whereas in B it is 58 mm in March (could accept lowest);

Highest temperature in A is 21 °C in June whereas in B it is 28 °C in July (could accept lowest); etc.

Note: Opposites accepted but cannot be double credited.

3 @ 1 mark

Ideas such as:

Altitude

Temperatures decrease as altitude increases– or vice versa; (City A/Muree at higher altitude/2167 m so has cooler temperatures than city B/Quetta at lower altitude/1600 m which has higher temperatures); etc.

Latitude

Temperatures decrease with distance from the equator as latitude increases – or vice versa; (City A/Muree is at a higher latitude/34 °N so has cooler temperatures than City B/Quetta at lower latitude/30 °N)/(low angle of the sun brings lower temperatures in winter/high angle of sun in summer brings warmer temperatures in both cities); etc.

Note: One mark for identification of appropriate idea and a further mark for development (in parentheses).

Note: Max 2 marks if no development.

2 @ 2 marks

During the post-monsoon season;

In northern and north west areas;

In the summer.

Note: If four boxes ticked Max 2 marks, five boxes ticked Max 1 mark, six boxes ticked Max 0 marks.

3 @ 1 mark

Monsoon Winds/Arabian Sea;

The Western Depressions;

Convectional currents;

Relief rainfall;

(Tropical) Cyclones.

3 @ 1 mark

Ideas such as:

Destroys crops/orchards/or named examples;

Roofs of houses can be damaged;

Electricity can be cut off;

Telecommunications can be disturbed; etc.

2 @ 1 mark

Levels marking

Level 1 (1–2 marks)

Simple point referring to one view (1)

Simple points referring to any view (2)

Level 2 (3–4 marks)

Developed point referring to one view (3)

Developed points referring to both views (4)

Level 3 (5–6 marks)

Developed points referring to both views with evaluation or relevant example (5)

Developed points referring to both views with evaluation and relevant example (6)

Content Guide

Answers are likely to refer to:

Severe flooding can be managed

Afforestation;

Enlarging river channel;

Building embankments;

Building extra channels to remove floodwater from cities;

Building reservoirs

Not building on flood plains;

Publicizing flood warnings;

Evacuation procedures; etc.

Severe flooding can be difficult to manage

Very expensive to introduce man-made structures;

Can only be done in certain areas;

One off extreme events cannot always be planned for;

Flood prevention measures for every eventuality is not cost effective; Cannot always accurately predict areas that may be affected by flooding; Land is sometimes needed for other uses so cannot always be used for afforestation/reservoirs; etc.