Pakistan Studies · May / June 2020 · Paper 21 · Question 1

A = Islamabad

B = Lahore

C = Faisalabad

3 @ 1 mark

D = River Indus

1 @ 1 mark

Ideas such as:

In the south west of the city;

South of river;

On/along main road/railway;

Direction from any named feature/location within the map boundary; Distance from any named feature/location within the map boundary. Note: Max 2 marks for direction and Max 2 marks for distance.

3 @ 1 mark

Ideas such as:

Some cannot gain basic education/entry qualifications;

Cost/fees are too expensive;

Many in rural areas cannot access higher education;

More university places are needed;

People are needed to care for family members;

People are needed to work in the family business/earn money for the family; etc.

2 @ 1 mark

Has assets less than Rs 10 million (excluding loan, land and building);

Up to 10 hired labour can be employed in addition to family labour. 2 @ 1 mark

Ideas such as:

Near university for skilled labour;

Links with university for research/agglomeration;

Near Model Town for work force;

Can locate anywhere/footloose;

Lots of available space to build/expand on; etc.

2 @ 1 mark

Ideas such as:

Degree-level qualifications

Skilled workforce; (will be attractive to international businesses);

Will reduce unemployment; (more people earning a living wage/higher wages);

Will improve social services such as schools and hospitals; (improve HDI so more attractive internationally/reduce economic emigration/more trained doctors/teachers);

Specialised courses according to the requirements of the industry; (meets the employment needs of the company);

Training for managers at all levels; (reduces the need for people from outside Pakistan to take these roles/money stays in Pakistan); etc. Use of telecommunications

Enables companies/businesses to communicate instantly around the world; (no need to wait for meetings/travel abroad);

Will attract international companies to have headquarters/branches located in Pakistan; (will improve the balance of payments);

Ease of use of mobile phones; (able to conduct business from

anywhere/work from home);

Ability to message/email/skype/meet remotely; (information obtained and shared instantly/instant messaging/decisions made quickly and easily); Able to set up websites/advertise globally/TV and radio/internet; (increased trade/competition with international markets);

Increased market opportunities/e-commerce; (able to trade around the world/development of on-line banking/reduces costs/overheads); Enhanced ability to compete in the global market; (increasing GDP); etc. Note: One mark for identification of appropriate idea and a further mark for development (in parentheses).

Note: Max 2 marks if no development.

2 @ 2 marks

Ideas such as:

Development of export processing zones;

Restrictions on exports;

Development Trade Development Authority of Pakistan (TDAP);

Developing named infrastructure - roads/railways/airports/ports);

Developing telecommunications/named examples;

Training and education;

Advertising nationally and/or internationally;

Providing incentives for new businesses/named examples; etc.

2 @ 1 mark

Levels marking

Level 1 (1–2 marks)

Simple point referring to one view (1)

Simple points referring to any view (2)

Level 2 (3–4 marks)

Developed point referring to one view (3)

Developed points referring to both views (4)

Level 3 (5–6 marks)

Developed points referring to both views with evaluation or relevant example (5)

Developed points referring to both views with evaluation and relevant example (6)

Content Guide

Answers are likely to refer to:

IT may reduce unemployment because

More entrepreneurs are generated;

Will reduce the need for managers to be brought in from businesses abroad; New businesses will open;

Can train future generations;

Further development of tertiary and/or quarternary sectors;

Many people own smart phones;

Can have basic skills to use a phone or computer to set up a business from home;

Can be carried out in any language; etc.

IT may not reduce unemployment because

Equipment and training can be expensive;

Not all students/families can afford to go to university and develop IT expertise;

Many IT graduates emigrate so Pakistan does not always benefit from them; Not all areas have a reliable electricity supply; etc.