Pakistan Studies · Oct / Nov 2016 · Paper 1 · Question 5
2059
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5(a)[4]
Describe General Pervez Musharraf’s rise to power in 1999. [4]
Reward each correct statement with 1 mark. 2 marks can be awarded for a developed statement. Candidates might refer to the following:
Nawaz Sharif tried to blame the Kashmir retreat on Pervez Musharraf but this was not accepted.Nawaz Sharif tried unsuccessfully to replace him as the chief of army when he was visiting Sri Lanka.Nawaz Sharif would not give permission for his plane to land in Pakistan.Pervez Musharraf’s army staff overthrew Nawaz Sharif, allowing his plane to land.He then put Pakistan under military rule.It was a bloodless coup which allowed life to go on as normal.5(b)[7]
Why was there a constitutional crisis between 1954 and 1955? LEVEL 1: Simple statement [1]
Pakistan had been only recently established. LEVEL 2: Identifies reasons [2–4]
Jinnah had died and there were major problems in running the new country.Politicians were inexperienced. LEVEL 3: Explains reasons [5–7]Jinnah had died in 1948 and Khan Liaquat Ali Khan was assassinated in 1951.The country was struggling to establish itself without these two figures.The problems of running a new country were very difficult to overcome and joint assets had not been shared.There was a lack of stability which led to many different governments being formed during these years.In 1953 Nazimuddin’s government was dismissed and replaced with Bogra who lacked experience.An example was in the passing of the amendment to Government of India Act in 1954 while Ghulam Muhammad was abroad to limit his powers causing a crisis. When he returned he dissolved the Assembly and declared a state of emergency stating that Bogra had lost the confidence of the people.This was challenged in court but Ghulam Muhammad prevailed.The One Unit Policy was also unpopular, causing unrest.5(c)[14]
How successful was Pakistan’s relationship with the UK and the Commonwealth in the years 1947 to 1999? Explain your answer. LEVEL 1: Simple statement [1–2] LEVEL 2: Identifies/describes successes [3–6] Both countries have been members of CENTO and SEATO as well as the UN LEVEL 3: Explains the successes OR less success [7–10] LEVEL 4: Explains the successes AND less success [9–13] Success
British personnel remained in Pakistan post 1947Britain helped to broker a peace deal in 1965Margaret Thatcher visited in 1981£46m aid for Afghan refugees in Pakistan, an important trading partnerCommonwealth member until 1971, aid given to Pakistan by other Commonwealth countriesBritain supported Pakistan’s support of Afghanistan during conflict with Russia and gave £30m aid in support of Afghan refugees in PakistanBy 1986, there was some £376m worth of trade between Pakistan and the UK Pakistan re-joined the Commonwealth in 1989. Less successBritain refused to interfere in Kashmir problemPakistan criticism over Suez crisisBritain abstained at United Nations over Bangladesh issuesPakistan withdrew from the Commonwealth in 1971Pakistan was suspended from the Commonwealth in 1999 due to the military coup. LEVEL 5: As Level 4 – also produces a judgement or evaluation [14]
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