Pakistan Studies · Oct / Nov 2016 · Paper 1 · Question 1

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1(a)[3]
According to Source A, why was there opposition to the Simon Commission of 1927? [3]
Reward each correct statement identified from the source with 1 mark, up to a maximum of 3.
No Indian representation on the Commission
Value friendship with Congress more than British concession
Not on equal terms with British in framing new constitution
Not satisfied with being only petitioners.
1(b)[5]
What does Source B tell us about the negotiations during the Round Table Conferences between 1930 and 1932? LEVEL 1: Identifies surface features from the source [1]
Britain is in control of the car LEVEL 2: Unsupported inferences [2–3] The driver looks under pressure to give up control of the car LEVEL 3: Inference(s) supported by detail from the source and/or contextual knowledge [4–5]
The driver of the car is John Bull who represents British interests at the negotiations.
The car is travelling over bumpy ground which represents the way that negotiations went during these years – difficult negotiations.
The Indian in the car who represents their negotiators wants to take control from the British who are reluctant to give up control.
It suggests that the British feared that progress towards change might happen too quickly, hence the reference to the brake on the car.
The source explains why the political leaders in India were reluctant to attend the Round Table Conferences because it shows that the decisions had already been made by the British, in the way that John Bull wants to keep control of the car.
1(c)[7]
Explain the importance of the Government of India Act of 1935 to the future of the sub- continent. LEVEL 1: Simple statement [1]
It was used to govern India LEVEL 2: Identifies importance [2–4] More people could vote and there was some provincial autonomy LEVEL 3: Explains importance [5–7]
Some provincial autonomy was granted which meant that every provincial government was allowed to devise and carry out their own programmes and be responsible to their own legislature.
This was the first time that this had been allowed and was seen as an important step forward.
Ministers in the provinces could have control over all departments except when governors chose to intervene in cases of public order or to veto a bill
It provided additional rights for the local population to vote – some 5 times the previous numbers at 35 million in total.
Provisions for a federal government were established for the first time, which meant that princely states could decide to participate politically in affairs concerning the sub-continent.
However, key decisions relating to external relations and defence were retained by the British, and opposed by the Indians.
1(d)[10]
How successful were the provincial elections held in India in 1937? Explain your answer. LEVEL 1: Simple statement [1–2] The elections were useful for the Indians LEVEL 2: Describes elections/identifies success and/or less success [3–4] Congress won most seats and Muslims were disappointed LEVEL 3: Explains the success OR less success of the elections [5–7] LEVEL 4: Explains the success AND less success of the elections [6–9] Successful For Hindus/Congress:
Congress won majorities in 5 provinces and largest single party in 4 others
Saw themselves as the sole party representing Indians
Led to formation of cabinets in 8 provinces. For Muslims/Muslim League:
First major election fought and helped to unify the Muslim League
Led to improvements in organisation and planning
Learnt that their support lay in areas where Muslims in minority rather than in majority
Recognition of an ‘image problem’ as its leaders were seen as not in touch with ordinary Muslims. Less successful For Hindus/Congress:
Congress alienated the Muslim League after the elections which led to difficulties in future negotiations
Attitude of Congress and Nehru hardened Muslim views towards a separate nation. For Muslims/Muslim League:
Relative poor performance in the elections;
out of 489 Muslim seats, the Muslim League won 109.
In the Punjab;
out of 86 Muslim seats, Muslim League won 1 and others taken by Punjab Unionist Party
Muslims felt betrayed by the British who were seen as too concerned with getting the new provincial governments running rather than being concerned with Muslim rights
Congress used its new powers to further upset Muslims during Congress Rule. LEVEL 5: As Level 4 – also produces a judgement or evaluation [10]

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