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Pakistan Studies · May / June 2024 · Paper 11 · Question 5

0448

As printed in the paper

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  • 5(a)[4]

    Describe Sajjad Ali Shah’s role in the Pakistan governments of the 1990s.

    Target: AO1

    One mark for each relevant point. Additional mark for supporting detail. Indicative content

    Sajjad Ali Shah appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court (1) by Benazir Bhutto (1) in 1994 (1)
    During 1997 he became a critic of the new Prime Minister (1)
    In November 1997, (1) demonstrations forced the Chief Justice to adjourn a case against the Prime Minister (1) and flee the courthouse
    he was dismissed as Chief Justice of Pakistan (1) in December 1997 (1), having lost President Leghari’s support (1)
    he was replaced by Ajmal Mian (1)

    Other relevant responses should also be credited.

  • 5(b)[7]

    Explain why relations between Pakistan and the USA improved during the 1990s.

    Target: AO1, AO2

    Mark according to the level of response descriptors in Table 1.

    Indicative content

    there was a will from both countries to restore relations following a change in US administration in 1992
    the USA accepted the Pressler Amendment was a mistake
    Benazir Bhutto visited the United States in 1996 to further develop relations culminating in the Brown Amendment
    the F-16 fighter jets issue was resolved
    the USA provided $388 million in military supplies to Pakistan
    the First Lady Hillary Clinton visited Pakistan in 1996 further

    strengthening the relationship

    Other relevant responses should also be credited.

    Level of response, Table 1: used to mark the part (c) question in Section A and part (b) questions in Section B

    Target: Demonstrates knowledge and understanding of the past through historical explanation (AO1, AO2)

    Level 3 (5–7 marks): Explanation

    one explanation [5]
    two explanations or one developed explanation [6]
    additional explanation(s) and/or developed explanation(s) [7]

    Supported by relevant and accurate contextual knowledge

    Level 2 (2–4 marks): Identification/ description

    Identifies and/or describes using relevant and accurate contextual knowledge (1 mark per identification/ description)

    Level 1 (1 mark): General answer

    Valid general comment lacking specific knowledge

    Level 0 (0 marks): No creditable response

  • 5(c)[14]

    ‘The main impact of the “Afghan Miracle” in Pakistan during Zia-ul-Haq’s presidency was on its economy.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer.

    Target: AO1, AO2

    Mark according to the level of response descriptors in Table 2.

    Indicative content

    May agree that the main impact of the 'Afghan Miracle' in Pakistan during Zia- ul-Haq's presidency was on its economy:

    $1.6 billion aid package over five years provided by the USA
    In 1986 a further $4.2 billion worth of aid was agreed
    some of this money was used to develop Pakistan's economy and undertake economic reform
    the economic growth rate of Pakistan increased, between 1977-1986 average GNP growth was 6.2%
    inflationary pressures grew

    counter-arguments might include:

    Political impacts:

    stronger relationship with the USA
    deteriorating relationship with the USSR
    established Pakistan as a leading country on the global political stage Social impacts:
    increasing refugee crisis
    funding for the rehabilitation of refugees
    impacts on law and order

    Military impacts:

    $1.5 billion in funding from USA to develop the Pakistan army to become a leading military nation in the region
    Pakistan built up an effective military force with modern weapons
    Karachi became the leading naval base in the region
    Pakistan sold military assistance to other Muslim countries

    Other relevant responses should also be credited.

    Level of response, Table 2: used to mark the part (c) questions in Section B

    Target: Demonstrates knowledge and understanding of the past through historical explanation and an ability to analyse and evaluate historical events (AO1, AO2)

    Level 5 (13–14 marks): Explanation with evaluation/ judgement

    explanation at the top of Level 4 with an evaluation/ judgement supported by relevant and accurate contextual knowledge [13]
    explanation at the top of Level 4 with a developed evaluation/ judgement supported by relevant and accurate contextual knowledge [14]

    Level 4 (10–12 marks): Explanation of both sides of the issue

    one explanation of each side of the issue [10]
    two explanations or one developed explanation of one-side of the issue and an explanation of the other side of the issue [11]
    additional explanation(s) and/or developed explanation(s) from either side of the issue [12]

    Supported by relevant and accurate contextual knowledge

    Level 3 (7–9 marks): Explanation of one-side of the issue

    one explanation [7]
    two explanations or one developed explanation [8]
    additional explanation(s) and/or developed explanation(s) [9]

    Supported by relevant and accurate contextual knowledge

    Level 2 (3–6 marks): Identification/ description of the issue

    Identifies and/or describes the issue using relevant and accurate contextual knowledge (1 mark per identification/ description)

    Level 1 (1–2 marks): General answer

    Valid general comment(s) lacking specific subject knowledge (1 mark per general comment)

    Level 0 (0 marks): No creditable response

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