Pakistan Studies 0448 May / June 2024 Paper 11 Question 2

2(a) Describe the publication ‘The Loyal Muhammadans of India’. Target: AO1 One mark for each relevant point. Additional mark for supporting detail. Indicative content written by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan (1) in 1860 (1) it was aimed at making better relations between British and Muslims it told the…

Pakistan Studies · May / June 2024 · Paper 11 · Question 2

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2(a)[4]
Describe the publication ‘The Loyal Muhammadans of India’.
Target: AO1
One mark for each relevant point. Additional mark for supporting detail. Indicative content
written by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan (1) in 1860 (1)
it was aimed at making better relations between British and Muslims
it told the British that Muslims were not opposed to them
it stated the British shouldn’t discriminate against Muslims (1) as Muslims were wrongly blamed for the violence during the war (1)
it wanted the British to understand and respect Muslim beliefs (1) and consult with Indians (1)
it gave an account of the loyal service Muslims had given (1) and named various Muslims who had shown loyalty to the British (1)
Other relevant responses should also be credited.
2(b)[7]
Explain why the Indian National Congress was formed in 1885. Target: AO1, AO2
Mark according to the level of response descriptors in Table 1.
Indicative content
to create a national identity
to promote national unity
to unify all regional, provincial and sub-national organisations
to create an all-India political organisation
to educate and organise the masses under an umbrella of a
representative political organisation
to prepare and put forward the views of all Indians to the British government
Other relevant responses should also be credited.
Level of response, Table 1: used to mark the part (c) question in Section A and part (b) questions in Section B
Target: Demonstrates knowledge and understanding of the past through historical explanation (AO1, AO2)
Level 3 (5–7 marks): Explanation
one explanation [5]
two explanations or one developed explanation [6]
additional explanation(s) and/or developed explanation(s) [7]
Supported by relevant and accurate contextual knowledge
Level 2 (2–4 marks): Identification/ description
Identifies and/or describes using relevant and accurate contextual knowledge (1 mark per identification/ description)
Level 1 (1 mark): General answer
Valid general comment lacking specific knowledge
Level 0 (0 marks): No creditable response
2(c)[14]
‘The Mughal Empire ended because its military power declined.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer.
Target: AO1, AO2
Mark according to the level of response descriptors in Table 2.
Indicative content
May agree that the Mughal Empire ended because its military power declined:
continual fighting against rebels in multiple locations meant military strength grew weaker over time
the cost of putting down rebellions and fighting invaders meant that there were fewer resources available to modernise the army
military expertise declined during the latter stages of Mughal rule leaving the Empire more vulnerable to attack
counter-arguments might include:
the size of the empire made it difficult to administer
local leaders increasingly challenged Mughal power
previously loyal princes rebelled against Mughal authority
uprisings by Marathas and Sikhs
the absence of a definite line of succession led to succession disputes
money was wasted when Emperors died and there was a succession dispute
disputes between wealthy Mughal nobility
the Empire came under almost constant attack from Persia and Afghanistan
the arrival of the British with their military strength
Other relevant responses should also be credited.
Level of response, Table 2: used to mark the part (c) questions in Section B
Target: Demonstrates knowledge and understanding of the past through historical explanation and an ability to analyse and evaluate historical events (AO1, AO2)
Level 5 (13–14 marks): Explanation with evaluation/ judgement
explanation at the top of Level 4 with an evaluation/ judgement supported by relevant and accurate contextual knowledge [13]
explanation at the top of Level 4 with a developed evaluation/ judgement supported by relevant and accurate contextual knowledge [14]
Level 4 (10–12 marks): Explanation of both sides of the issue
one explanation of each side of the issue [10]
two explanations or one developed explanation of one-side of the issue and an explanation of the other side of the issue [11]
additional explanation(s) and/or developed explanation(s) from either side of the issue [12]
Supported by relevant and accurate contextual knowledge
Level 3 (7–9 marks): Explanation of one-side of the issue
one explanation [7]
two explanations or one developed explanation [8]
additional explanation(s) and/or developed explanation(s) [9]
Supported by relevant and accurate contextual knowledge
Level 2 (3–6 marks): Identification/ description of the issue
Identifies and/or describes the issue using relevant and accurate contextual knowledge (1 mark per identification/ description)
Level 1 (1–2 marks): General answer
Valid general comment(s) lacking specific subject knowledge (1 mark per general comment)
Level 0 (0 marks): No creditable response

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