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Pakistan Studies · May / June 2023 · Paper 21 · Question 5

0448

As printed in the paper

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  • 5(a)(i)[3]

    Study Fig. 5.1 (Insert), a map showing part of the urban area of Islamabad.

    Using Fig. 5.1 only, describe the location of the ‘National Institute of Health’.

    on the outskirts/edge/east of Islamabad/built up/urban area/city
    along/on/accessed via Park Road
    near/close to the following named features:

    Rawal Lake

    Rawal Town

    Korang River

    Jinnah Stadium

    Shakarparian Park

    Jinnah Convention centre

    Park Road

    direction from any named feature:

    NE of Margalla Town/Pakistan Airforce Base Nur Khan

    E/ENE of Rawal Town

    E of Shakarparian Park

    E/ESE of Jinnah Stadium/Fatima Jinnah Park

    SE of Margalla Hills/Rawal Lake/President’s House/Islamabad Zoo/Faisal Mosque/Jinnah Convention Centre

    S/SW of Quaid-i-Azam University

    distance in km from any named feature:

    1.5–5 Rawal Lake

    2.5–4.5 Rawal Town

    3.5–6.5 Margalla Town

    4.5–5.5 Jinnah Convention Centre

    4.5–7.5 Shakarparian Park

    5–6.5 Jinnah Stadium

    6–9 South of Quaid-i-Azam University

    7–9 President’s House

    8–11Pakistan Air Force Base Nur Khan

    11–15 Margalla Hills

    10–12.5 Islamabad Zoo

    11–12.5 Faisal Mosque

    11–13.5 Fatima Jinnah Park

    3 @ 1 mark

  • 5(a)(ii)[2]

    Using Fig. 5.1 only, identify two areas used for leisure and recreation.

    parks/open spaces (in key)
    (main) commercial area (in key)
    Named features: (max 2)

    Jinnah Convention centre / Fatima Jinnah Park/Korang River /Islamabad Zoo/Jinnah Stadium/Margalla Hills/Rawal Lake/

    Shakarparian Park/Quaid-i-Azam University

    2 @ 1 mark

  • 5(a)(iii)[3]

    Fig. 5.1 shows an area around the edge of Islamabad that could be used for future development.

    Suggest three ways in which this area could be developed for leisure and tourism.

    hotels/guest houses/campsite
    restaurants/cafes
    shops/mall/markets
    parks/open space/picnic area
    taxis/car hire facilities/bus station
    museums/theatres/cinema
    wildlife centres/zoo
    sports ground/gym/stadium/racetrack/go-karting track/skatepark
    amusement park/theme park/water park/boating lake
    viewing point/observation tower

    3 @ 1 mark

  • 5(b)(i)[1]

    Define ‘death rate’.

    The number of deaths/people who die per 1000 people per year

    1 @ 1 mark

  • 5(b)(ii)[4]

    Explain two ways in which death rates can be reduced in Pakistan. You should develop your answer.

    (improved) medical/health facilities/medical staff; so there are fewer people per doctor/increased access to healthcare/people can be treated quickly/disease and illness diagnosed and treated (dev)
    (more) vaccination programmes e.g. cholera/covid-19/access to medicines e.g. antibiotics/malaria tablets; reduce death from

    disease/reduces infant mortality rates (dev)

    (improved) sanitation/access to clean water/flushing toilets/waste disposal/sewerage system/high quality housing; to avoid water borne disease/allows people to wash hands/surfaces/electricity/heating or other examples reduces risks of diseases (dev)
    (health) education/literacy e.g. importance of hygiene/about handling food/about alcohol/smoking/how diseases/viruses are spread/health information advertisements; leads to healthier lifestyles/to make people aware of how to keep fit and healthy/people seeking medical care when needed (dev)
    mechanisation/improvements in agriculture; increases food

    supply/prevents malnutrition/famine (dev)

    improved diets/healthier diets/increasing food production; examples of improvements in agriculture/people not eating too many

    calories/increasing calorific intake/which helps build healthy immune system (dev)

    exercising regularly; helps to maintain a healthy body/lowers risk of heart disease etc (dev)
    increasing incomes; to be able to afford higher quality housing/can afford medication/treatment (dev)
    legislation/(health and safety) regulations/building regulations/air and water pollution controls/smoking legislation; fewer people doing dangerous work/less likely to be killed in accidents/less destruction in natural disasters/safer/healthier environments (dev)

    Note: 1 mark for simple point and a further mark for the development of the point. 1 mark for second simple point and a further mark for development of the second point.

    Note: Max. 2 marks if no development. 2 @ 2 marks

  • 5(b)(iii)[2]

    Life expectancy is the average number of years a person is likely to live from birth.

    Suggest two ways that an increasing life expectancy could benefit Pakistan.

    more workers/economically active people producing

    goods/services/contributing to the economy/increasing GDP

    more workers to provide taxes to government
    people can work for longer so build more financial security/

    pensions/savings

    people can be independent/self-sufficient to an older age/not need to be cared for by younger adults
    older generation can pass down experience/skills/knowledge
    older generation can look after (grand)children/allow parents to work/do voluntary work
    reduced infant mortality/fewer child deaths increases future workforce 2 @ 1 mark

  • 5(c)[4]

    Describe why seasonal migration occurs in Pakistan.

    transhumance is practised/farmers move their flocks to the cooler highlands in summer/move their flocks to the warmer plains/lowlands in winter
    nomadic farmers move to cities to sell livestock in markets/move to seek new grazing land for their animals
    water shortages due to seasonal drought
    lack of food/food shortages e.g. in summer due crop failure
    to avoid extreme cold/ice/snow in winter which make conditions dangerous/roads are blocked/mountain areas are isolated
    unbearable heat so people move to higher/cooler/northern areas in summer
    monsoon/seasonal flooding, e.g. along the River Indus
    lack of work e.g. in winter due to heavy snowfall
    seasonal work in tourism/agriculture/manufacturing e.g. cotton mills; people move to find another job after it ends
    moving for education/during term time/for the academic year 4 @ 1 mark

  • 5(d)[6]

    Physical and social factors contribute to variations in population density.

    Assess the importance of these factors in causing differences in population density between provinces / administrative areas in Pakistan.

    Give reasons to support your judgement and refer to examples you have studied. You should consider different points of view in your answer.

    Levels marking

    No valid response

    0 Level 1

    1–2 Simple point referring to one view (1)

    Simple points referring to any view (2)

    Level 2

    3–4 Developed point referring to one view only (3)

    Developed points referring to both views or developed point and a relevant example (4)

    Level 3

    5–6 Developed points referring to both views with evaluation or relevant example (5)

    Developed points referring to both views with evaluation and relevant example (6)

    Content Guide

    Physical factors:

    Reasons why some administrative areas have a higher population density include:

    there is more flat land available for building on
    the climate is favourable for growing crops – no climate extremes such as too cold or too dry
    there is a plentiful supply of fresh water for agricultural, domestic and industrial use
    soils are fertile so a variety of crops can be grown

    Reasons why some administrative areas have a lower population density include:

    steep slopes e.g. Gilgit-Baltistan which makes building

    settlements/roads/railways/airports difficult and thus these areas are inaccessible

    low temperatures/ice and snow make areas unfavourable for living in and difficult to rear animals or grow crops
    high temperatures and low rainfall in the desert areas e.g. Balochistan make it difficult to live there
    infertile soils make growing a wide variety of crops difficult
    regular flooding deters people from settling

    Social factors: (accept socio-economic factors)

    Reasons why some administrative areas have a higher population density include:

    good quality, brick-built houses with electricity and clean running water e.g. people want to live in Karachi/Islamabad etc.
    investment in education with a variety of schools from primary up to university level especially in the large cities attracts families
    there is a wide variety of healthcare provision such as specialist clinics and hospitals, people want to live/work close to services
    a variety of employment opportunities in all economic sectors or named examples of job types attracts a large population
    higher wages tend to be paid in the cities, people live close to workplaces
    MNC’s/businesses or named examples offer employment to a large number of people, companies set up where there are large population centres and even more people are attracted

    Reasons why some administrative areas have a lower population density include:

    less people so fewer schools/hospitals/services are provided
    business/industry and investors favour cities, there are fewer of these in Balochistan/KPK/Gilgit-Baltistan so less investment and fewer jobs available
    narrow range of job opportunities mostly in primary sector such as mining/farming which are lower paid/more risky/less attractive Examples: could include named areas/regions/provinces/cities, named rivers, mountain ranges.

    Guidance: Punjab and Sindh have a higher population density; KPK, Balochistan and Gilgit-Baltistan have a lower population density.

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