Note AcademyNote Academy
Start

Pakistan Studies · Oct / Nov 2020 · Paper 21 · Question 1

0448

As printed in the paper

Show the answer and mark scheme

  • 1(a)(i)[1]

    Study Fig. 1.1, a map of Pakistan. On Fig. 1.1, shade one area where apples are grown in Pakistan.

    northern border of Balochistan
    central Balochistan
    south-western border of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK)
    central northern KPK
    north-eastern border of KPK
    north-western border of Punjab/Islamabad Capital Territory

    Accept any form of identification i.e. shading, symbol etc. in correct area 1 @ 1 mark

  • 1(a)(ii)[2]

    State one reason why apples are grown in this area and one important use of apples.

    Reason: low(er)/cooler temperatures/can grow apples around the fields of other crops/major crops cannot be grown so apples grown instead/ climate moderate/mild temperature

    Use: subsistence/to feed the family/important source of vitamins/part of a healthy diet/to sell/for profit/export/any of making juices or syrups or sauces or jams/to fulfil local demand for fruit/animal fodder or feed

    2 @ 1 mark

  • 1(b)(i)[1]

    Study Fig. 1.2 (Insert), a photograph of livestock in Pakistan. Using Fig. 1.2 only, identify the type of livestock shown.

    cattle/bullock/bulls/cows

    1 @ 1 mark

  • 1(b)(ii)[4]

    Study Fig. 1.3, a diagram showing a type of lift irrigation. Describe how water is obtained for irrigation using this method.

    Persian wheel;
    animals are used to turn/moves a wheel;
    the animals are blindfolded;
    turns a horizontal/smaller wheel;
    attached/geared to a vertical/larger wheel;
    buckets or pots attached to the wheel;
    the pots raise water from the well;
    pots spill contents into the channel to fields/irrigate field.

    4 @ 1 mark

  • 1(b)(iii)[2]

    List two ways the livestock shown in Fig. 1.2 can be used other than as draught power for irrigation.

    ploughing/threshing/harvesting;
    pulling carts;
    carrying heavy loads/raw materials/people/transport;
    for meat/milk/skin/hides/dung/or other product.

    2 @ 1 mark

  • 1(c)(i)[4]

    Explain two natural factors required for growing wheat. You should develop your answer.

    Temperature:

    sowing in dry season (1); average temperature 15 °C/10–20 °C (dev);
    mild temperature/ideal temperature 10–20 °C / 15–25 °C (1); for growing (dev);
    20–30 oC/sunny/warm/hot / (1) for ripening/harvesting (dev);

    Rainfall:

    moderate/ample rainfall/250–1000 mm (1); growth of wheat stalk/ some rain just before the harvest swells the grain ensuring a higher yield (dev);
    only some areas are rain fed (1); Potwar plateau and some parts of Khyber Paktunkhwa/other areas are irrigated (dev);

    Soil:

    moderately loamy/clayey soil/fertile soil (1); produces better quality crops/higher yields (dev);
    land must be well drained (1); otherwise wheat will not grow/does not thrive if there is stagnant water/waterlogged (dev);

    Growing period:

    needs at least 90 days (1); for basic varieties to grow (dev)
    needs 120 days growing period (1); for better varieties/higher yield/ HYV (dev);

    Relief:

    flat/undulating ground/gently sloping (1); to facilitate the use of machinery/examples e.g. combine harvester/easier to sow/plough/ harvest (dev).

    Note: One mark for identification of appropriate idea and a further mark for development.

    Note: Max. 2 marks if no development.

    2 @ 2 marks

  • 1(c)(ii)[4]

    Contrast wheat production on a small-scale subsistence farm and a cash crop farm

    small-scale subsistence farm:

    land ploughed with traditional methods/wooden plough/bullocks;
    well irrigation/charsa/Persian wheel/karez/rainwater is used;
    (harvesting is done by) manual labour/by hand;
    (grain is separated from the chaff) by animal power;
    cow dung is used (as manure);
    for family use/only enough produced for the family;
    desi seeds;
    low yield/less production;
    mostly uses family labour;
    little/no investment;
    small area/amount of land used.

    cash crop farm:

    tractor/machinery used for ploughing;
    normally canal irrigation/water/tubewells used;
    reapers and or combine harvesters used;
    threshing machines used;
    chemical fertilisers/pesticides used;
    for selling/export;
    use HYV’s;
    workforce employed/hired;
    large amount of land used;
    large capital investment.

    Note: accept any two ideas for small scale subsistence and any two ideas for cash crop farm.

    @ 1 mark

  • 1(c)(iii)[1]

    What is waterlogging? Tick (✓) one correct answer from the list below: The water table rises to the surface.

    1 @ 1 mark

  • 1(d)[6]

    Read the following two views about initiatives that have been implemented to improve agricultural production in Pakistan. A – Land reforms have had the most impact on agricultural production. B – The use of chemicals has had the most impact on agricultural production.

    Which view do you agree with more? Give reasons to support your answer and refer to examples you have studied. You should consider View A and View B in your answer.

    Levels marking

    No valid response 0

    Level 1

    1–2 Simple point referring to one view (1)

    Simple points referring to any view (2)

    Level 2

    3–4 Developed point referring to one view (3)

    Developed points referring to both views (4)

    Level 3

    5–6 Developed points referring to both views with evaluation or relevant example (5)

    Developed points referring to both views with evaluation and relevant example (6)

    Content Guide

    Answers are likely to refer to:

    Agree with View A more

    aimed at increasing productivity in some areas/for some crops;
    reduced power of a few landlords therefore more people able to increase output and earnings;
    larger areas of land are available to cultivate rather than many individual small holdings therefore able to mechanise/use machinery; Etc.

    Agree with View A less

    lack of will to implement this strategy;
    some Barani lands have incomplete land records so difficult to redistribute;
    land is traditionally passed from one generation to the next without legal documentation;
    wealthy landlords could use their influence to avoid land reform;
    most land remained in the hands of a few wealthy landlords;

    Etc.

    Agree with View B more

    the production and use of fertiliser and/or pesticides is actively encouraged;
    chemical fertilisers are used to improve agricultural production by increasing soil fertility, and are popular with farmers as many soils lack nitrogen/are infertile;
    use of pesticides helps the crop to grow healthy and protects it against insects/bugs/diseases/named examples. Popular with farmers as yield is better quality and makes more profit;

    Etc.

    Agree with View B less

    use of chemical fertilisers and/or pesticides has led to environmental degradation/land or water pollution;
    chemicals draining into rivers/water bodies causes algae growth using up oxygen/causes eutrophication fish and plants die;
    water pollution affects towns and cities that are supplied by rivers, human health and other livestock;
    pesticides can remain in the crop which is then eaten causing illness - gastro-intestinal infections/tuberculosis etc;
    use of chemicals causes more problems than it solves;

    Etc.

Practise this paper →

Make a free account to save your answers and see your weak topics and ask the AI why a wrong answer is wrong.