Pakistan Studies · Oct / Nov 2020 · Paper 11 · Question 5
0448
As printed in the paper
Show the answer and mark scheme
5(a)[4]
Describe the Security of Tenure scheme.
Target: AO1
One mark for each relevant point. Additional mark for supporting detail. Indicative content
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto introduced this schemehe wanted tenant farmers to have security of tenurehe gave tenant farmers the first right of purchase of the land they workedlandowners could not sell the land to a third party [1] who might then evict the tenant farmers [1]tenant farmers were encouraged to make improvements on their land [1] as they knew they would not be evicted [1]many landowners circumvented the scheme [1] to evict their tenant farmers [1]landowners had too much power and influence to make the scheme work Other relevant responses should also be credited.5(b)[7]
Explain why it became more challenging for Zia-ul-Haq to govern Pakistan effectively during the late 1980s.
Target: AO1, AO2
Mark according to the level of response descriptors in Table 1.
Indicative content
the provinces became more difficult to administerthere was increasing violence in SindhNWFP became critical of the governmentthere was a surge in arms smugglingit became harder to maintain law and orderthe drug trade grewgreater challenge from Muhammad Khan Junejopressure from the MRDopposition from Benazir Bhuttoan explosion at a weapons dump at Ojhri CampOther relevant responses should also be credited.
Level of response, Table 1: used to mark the part (c) question in Section A and part (b) questions in Section B
Target: Demonstrates knowledge and understanding of the past through historical explanation (AO1, AO2)
Level 3 (5–7 marks): Explanation
one explanation [5]
two explanations or one developed explanation [6]
additional explanation(s) and/or developed explanation(s) [7]
Supported by relevant and accurate contextual knowledge
Level 2 (2–4 marks): Identification/description
Identifies and/or describes using relevant and accurate contextual knowledge
(1 mark per identification/description)
Level 1 (1 mark): General answer
Valid general comment lacking specific knowledge
Level 0 (0 marks): No creditable response
5(c)[14]
To what extent did Benazir Bhutto’s privatisation policy contribute to the government being replaced in 1996? Explain your answer.
Target: AO1, AO2
Mark according to the level of response descriptors in Table 2.
Indicative content
May agree that the privatisation policy was the main contributory factor:
Benazir Bhutto wanted to extend the privatisation of industriesplanned privatisations included banks, power and telecommunicationsshe was criticised for doing this by wealthy industrialists and politicians from all sidesgovernment officials made it harder to privatise nationalised industries Counter-arguments might include:Benazir Bhutto did not introduce the PPP’s social policiesmultiple economic problems including unemployment and inflationstrikes and protests were organised by the opposition in 1994GDP and manufacturing growth rates slowedthe strict economic policies imposed on Pakistan by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in return for a loanthe rupee was devaluedthe USA’s financial and military embargo began to affect the economythe government was inefficienta lack of unity within the governmentOther relevant responses should also be credited.
Level of response, Table 2: used to mark the part (c) questions in Section B
Target: Demonstrates knowledge and understanding of the past through historical explanation and an ability to analyse and evaluate historical events (AO1, AO2)
Level 5 (13–14 marks): Explanation with evaluation/judgement
explanation at the top of Level 4 with an evaluation/judgement supported
by relevant and accurate contextual knowledge [13]
explanation at the top of Level 4 with a developed evaluation/judgement
supported by relevant and accurate contextual knowledge [14]
Level 4 (10–12 marks): Explanation of both sides of the issue
one explanation of each side of the issue [10]
two explanations or one developed explanation of one side of the issue
and an explanation of the other side of the issue [11]
additional explanation(s) and/or developed explanation(s) from either side
of the issue [12]
Supported by relevant and accurate contextual knowledge
Level 3 (7–9 marks): Explanation of one side of the issue
one explanation [7]
two explanations or one developed explanation [8]
additional explanation(s) and/or developed explanation(s) [9]
Supported by relevant and accurate contextual knowledge
Level 2 (3–6 marks): Identification/description of the issue
Identifies and/or describes the issue using relevant and accurate contextual
knowledge (1 mark per identification/ description)
Level 1 (1–2 marks): General answer
Valid general comment(s) lacking specific subject knowledge (1 mark per
general comment)
Level 0 (0 marks): No creditable response
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