Pakistan Studies · May / June 2020 · Paper 21 · Question 5

Accurately drawn bar for males aged 60–64

1 @ 1 mark

17.4%

1 @ 1 mark

Ideas such as:

0–4 age group has highest percentage of population;

Predominantly young population/widest bars are below age 30;

Bars start to decrease after age 34;

Sharper decrease in bars after age 59;

Lower percentage of population in older age groups; etc.

3 @ 1 mark

Ideas such as:

To see how many young dependents there are; (so that the number of school places required can be determined/vaccinations/healthcare); To identify how many old dependents there will be; (so that the amount to spend on healthcare/care homes/medicines/pensions/hospitals can be estimated);

To know how many economically active there are; (so the amount potentially earnt in taxation can be estimated);

To estimate the total number of population; (so that the quantity of new houses/building/services/facilities needed can be predicted/named examples); etc.

Note: One mark for identification of appropriate idea and a further mark for development (in parentheses).

Note: Max 2 marks if no development.

2 @ 2 marks

Ideas such as:

Enough people to work in the future;

Can pay more taxes;

Can support families when are older;

Provides a growing market for manufactured products; etc.

3 @ 1 mark

Ideas such as:

Introduction/wider availability of contraception;

Family planning centres/clinics;

Educating women;

Population policy;

Improved healthcare; etc.

4 @ 1 mark

Overpopulation is a result of too many people and too few resources Note: Both answers must be given for one mark

1 @ 1 mark

Ideas such as:

Limited food supply;

Famine/starvation;

Overcrowding/too few houses;

Development of squatter settlements;

Shortage of essential services or named examples;

Limited clean water;

Excess waste/pollution;

Pressure on infrastructure;

Unemployment; etc.

2 @ 1 mark

Levels marking

Level 1 (1–2 marks)

Simple point referring to one view (1)

Simple points referring to any view (2)

Level 2 (3–4 marks)

Developed point referring to one view (3)

Developed points referring to both views (4)

Level 3 (5–6 marks)

Developed points referring to both views with evaluation or relevant example (5)

Developed points referring to both views with evaluation and relevant example (6)

Content Guide

Answers are likely to refer to:

A: Unchecked high fertility rates will hinder future economic development Agree because:

Too many people and not enough resources or named examples e.g. food, water, houses etc;

May lead to high levels of unemployment;

Increased pressure on services such as healthcare and education; Higher taxes required to pay for services needed by young dependents; People will have to work longer;

Investment in infrastructure or named examples may be reduced/limited as excess capital is diverted to support the young; etc.

Note: Conversely candidates may argue against View A and refer to examples of how high fertility rates may aid future economic development by creating a larger workforce that can contribute through taxes etc. B: Reducing the fertility rate will hinder future economic development Disagree because:

There will be more mouths to feed;

More pressure on land for housing/farming/industry;

Higher unemployment/not enough jobs to go around;

There will be more pressure on services such as healthcare and education; Water, electricity, transport infrastructure is already stretched; etc. Note: Conversely candidates may argue in favour of View B and refer to examples such as: China adopted an ante-natal population policy and later experienced an ageing population with too few economically active people, there may be natural checks to population (Malthus theory) e.g. war/famine etc.