Biology · May / June 2026 · Paper 42 · Question 4

carbon and hydrogen and oxygen (in any order) ;

(urea) Q ;

(pepsin) L ;

1

glucagon ;

any two from:

2

(stimulates) the breakdown / conversion / AW, of glycogen to glucose ;

3

in liver (cells) ;

4

prevents glucose uptake (into liver cells) ;

adrenaline ;

any three from:

without diabetes

1

(blood glucose concentration) is always lower ; ora

2

(blood glucose concentration) increases more slowly / increases by a smaller concentration / AW ; ora

3

(blood glucose concentration) decreases / returns to initial concentration, faster ; ora

4

comparative data quote ;

any three from:

1

insulin, injection / therapy / patch / pump ;

2

monitoring blood glucose / regular blood glucose tests ;

3

counting / monitoring, (named) carbohydrates (in diet) ;

4

matching, food / carbohydrate, intake to activity ;

5

keeping a healthy weight ;

6

pancreas transplant OR islet / beta / stem, cell, transplant ; 7

AVP ;