Biology · May / June 2023 · Paper 41 · Question 2

–13.28 (%) ;;;

any five from:

potato (cube) in 0.8 (mol dm–3 solution) loses greater (percentage) mass / ora ;

movement of water out / loss of water, is cause of mass loss ; water moves from an area of high water potential to an area of low water potential / AW ;

water potential of 0.8 (mol dm–3 solution) is lower than the water potential of the 0.6 (mol dm–3 solution) ;

greater / steeper, water potential gradient in 0.8 (mol dm–3) than in 0.6 (mm dm–3) ;

(relatively) more water leaves the potato (cube) in 0.8 (mol dm–3 solution) ;

any two from:

(cell is) swollen / large(r) / big(ger) / wide(r) / AW ;

(cell is) turgid ;

vacuole is, swollen / large(r) / big(ger) / wide(r) / AW ;

cell wall bulges / AW ;

cell membrane / cytoplasm / cell contents, presses on cell wall / AW ;

any three from:

uses energy (from respiration / mitochondria) ;

(transport / movement is) against a concentration gradient / AW ; involves movement of, sugars / ions / substance(s) other than water / AW ;

involves protein carriers ;

root hair (cells) ;

(leaves are) yellow / (leaves show) chlorosis ;

magnesium required for making chlorophyll ;