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Biology · May / June 2022 · Paper 42 · Question 5

0610

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The question as text

Fig. 5.1 is a diagram of the human gas exchange system. X Y Z Fig. 5.1

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  • 5(a)(i)[3]

    X – larynx ;

    Y – trachea ;

    Z – bronchus ;

  • 5(a)(ii)[1]

    cartilage ;

  • 5(b)[4]

    any four from:

    1

    external intercostal muscles contract (and internal intercostal muscles relax) ;

    2

    lifts ribs, upwards / outwards;

    3

    diaphragm, contracts / flattens;

    4

    volume of, thorax, increases ;

    5

    pressure in, thorax, decreases ;

    6

    causing air to flow, down a pressure gradient / into the lungs / lungs inflate ;

    7

    equalising pressure between atmosphere and lungs ;

    alveoli / alveolus ;

  • 5(c)[1]

    The answer is a drawing: see the picture of this mark scheme row.

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