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Biology · May / June 2022 · Paper 42 · Question 4

0610

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Fig. 4.1 is a diagram of a virus. N O Fig. 4.1

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  • 4(a)[2]

    N – protein coat ;

    O – genetic, material / DNA / RNA ;

  • 4(b)(i)[3]

    –87(%) ;;;

  • 4(b)(ii)[2]

    any two from:

    (overall) decrease in number (of lymphocytes during the 84 months) ; rapid decrease from 10 months and then, less steep / (eventually) levels off ;

    suitable description from graph ;

  • 4(b)(iii)[4]

    any four from:

    fewer antibodies (produced by lymphocytes) ;

    decrease in immunity / inefficient immune system ;

    fewer memory cells ;

    any role of antibodies or lymphocytes (that will be impacted by fewer lymphocytes) ;

    develop AIDS ;

    example of (secondary) infection / disease / pathogen that may result from reduced number of lymphocytes ;

  • 4(b)(iv)[2]

    viruses are, acellular / non-living / do not have (named) cell structure ;

    antibiotics target (named) cell structures / (named) process ;

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