Biology · May / June 2021 · Paper 42 · Question 2
0610
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The question as text
The classification of giant pandas, Ailuropoda melanoleuca, is debated by many scientists. Fig. 2.1 shows a giant panda eating bamboo plants. Fig. 2.1 Fig. 2.2 shows a red panda, Ailurus fulgens, and a polar bear, Ursus maritimus. red panda eating bamboo plants polar bear eating fish Fig. 2.2
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2(a)[1]
The answer is a drawing: see the picture of this mark scheme row.
2(b)(i)[2]
external ears / pinnae ;
fur ;
2(b)(ii)[5]
any five from:
for (giant panda closer to red panda):
same diet / herbivores / AW ;
terrestrial / similar, ecosystems / habitats ;
fur markings described ;
ear position ;
against:
shorter (branch) distance between giant panda and polar bear (than to red panda) ;
fewer, DNA (base sequence) / gene, differences between giant panda and polar bear (than to red panda) ;
(red panda) first appeared, 40±3 million rather than 20±3 million, years ago (giant and polar) ;
more time for, mutations / evolution (for red panda) ;
common, ancestor / branch / relationship, 20±3 million, (giant and polar), than 47±3 million years ago (red) ;
DNA data is likely to be more, accurate / quantitative / not subjective ;
2(b)(iii)[1]
anatomy / ability to produce fertile offspring / AVP ;
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