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Biology · May / June 2021 · Paper 42 · Question 1

0610

As printed in the paper

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  • 1(a)[1]

    central and peripheral (nervous system) ;

  • 1(b)(i)[1]

    motor ;

  • 1(b)(ii)[4]

    letter in Fig. part of the eye

    function

    1.1

    controls / changes, shape /

    size, thickness, of lens

    suspensory

    ref. to

    G ligament

    accommodation / focusing

    attachment of lens to ciliary

    muscles

    circular muscles

    contracts in response to a bright

    E / iris

    light

    cornea

    refracts / bends, light

    D contains a high density of cones

    fovea

    J for colour vision

    ;;;;

  • 1(c)(i)[1]

    (ciliary muscles) contract / conduction of (nerve) impulses ;

  • 1(c)(ii)[1]

    haemoglobin ;

  • 1(c)(iii)[2]

    any two from:

    diffusion (across cell membranes) ;

    down concentration gradient / AW ;

    passive process / (use of) kinetic energy / random movement of molecules ;

    through a thin capillary wall ;

  • 1(d)(i)[2]

    any two from:

    hairs in the nose ;

    skin ;

    AVP ;

  • 1(d)(ii)[1]

    phagocytes ;

  • 1(d)(iii)[3]

    (different) pathogens / antigens, have different / unique shapes ; pathogens have antigens ;

    lymphocytes, produce (specific) antibodies ;

    antibodies are, complementary / specific to, antigens ;

    antibodies, mark / destroy, pathogens ;

    ref. to memory cells ;

  • 1(e)[1]

    arthropods ;

    (dietary) fibre / carbohydrate / starch / (named) sugar / vitamin C ;

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