Biology · Oct / Nov 2020 · Paper 41 · Question 5

calcium:

(formation of) bones ;

(formation of) teeth ;

prevents rickets ;

AVP ;

protein:

repair, cells / tissues ;

growth ;

used to make, muscle / enzyme / antibodies / protein, channels / carrier ; prevents marasmus ;

AVP ;

any two from:

salivary glands ;

stomach ;

pancreas ;

small intestine / named part of small intestine ;

kills, bacteria / microorganisms / pathogens ;

any two from:

(heat) denatures enzymes ;

so lactose, not broken down / not digested ;

changes shape of active site ;

enzyme will not fit substrate ;

lactase ;

any one from:

can reuse the enzyme ;

cheaper ;

no enzymes left in milk ;

so milk does not need to be purified ;

AVP ; e.g. enzymes more stable / less likely to denature

/ affects taste / drinking the enzyme might trigger allergies

any four from:

contains antibodies / ref. to colostrum / provides protection against, pathogens / diseases / microorganisms ;

provides passive immunity ;

nutrient requirements met / change with age / change with development ; easy to digest / AW ;

no additives / less risk of allergies ;

sterile / less risk of infection / AW ;

is at, body / correct, temperature ;

no preparation / always available / convenient ;

bonding with mother / AW ;

free / cheap ;

idea of volume is controlled / no over-feeding ;

AVP ;

any two from:

water needed to, produce breast milk / stay hydrated / AW ;

alcohol can pass to the baby in breast milk / AW ;

alcohol can harm / delay development of, baby / AW ;

AVP ;