Linear momentum and its conservation
3.3What the syllabus asks of you
- state the principle of conservation of momentum
- apply the principle of conservation of momentum to solve simple problems, including elastic and inelastic interactions between objects in both one and two dimensions (knowledge of the concept of coefficient of restitution is not required)
- recall that, for an elastic collision, total kinetic energy is conserved and the relative speed of approach is equal to the relative speed of separation
- understand that, while momentum of a system is always conserved in interactions between objects, some change in kinetic energy may take place
Read the notes first
Chapter 3: Linear momentum and its conservation
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91 questions
1May / June 2026 · Paper 11 · Q12Show mark scheme →
A1.3 m s⁻¹
B5.5 m s⁻¹
C6.9 m s⁻¹
D9.7 m s⁻¹
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2May / June 2026 · Paper 13 · Q9Show mark scheme →
Aconserved / changed
Bconserved / unchanged
Cnot conserved / changed
Dnot conserved / unchanged
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3May / June 2026 · Paper 13 · Q10Show mark scheme →
A$\frac{1}{2}mv^2$
B$mv^2$
C$\frac{3}{2}mv^2$
D$2mv^2$
Mark scheme
4May / June 2026 · Paper 14 · Q11Show mark scheme →
AMv
B4Mv
C5Mv
D7Mv
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5Oct / Nov 2025 · Paper 11 · Q9Show mark scheme →
Ain all collisions between two objects
Bin collisions between two objects moving at equal and opposite velocity
Cin collisions between two objects that form an isolated system
Din collisions between two objects with the same mass
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6Oct / Nov 2025 · Paper 11 · Q10Show mark scheme →
A–6.0 m s–1
B–3.0 m s–1
C4.5 m s–1
D6.0 m s–1
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7Oct / Nov 2025 · Paper 12 · Q9Show mark scheme →
AIn an elastic collision, momentum is constant.
BMomentum is the product of mass and velocity.
CThe force acting on a body is proportional to its rate of change of momentum.
DThe momentum of an isolated system is constant.
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8Oct / Nov 2025 · Paper 12 · Q10Show mark scheme →
A
B
C
D
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9Oct / Nov 2025 · Paper 12 · Q12Show mark scheme →
Avelocity of P: 10 cm s⁻¹ to the right; velocity of Q: 60 cm s⁻¹ to the left
Bvelocity of P: 50 cm s⁻¹ to the right; velocity of Q: zero
Cvelocity of P: 20 cm s⁻¹ to the left; velocity of Q: 70 cm s⁻¹ to the right
Dvelocity of P: 60 cm s⁻¹ to the right; velocity of Q: 30 cm s⁻¹ to the left
Mark scheme
10Oct / Nov 2025 · Paper 13 · Q9Show mark scheme →
Ain all collisions between two objects
Bin collisions between two objects moving at equal and opposite velocity
Cin collisions between two objects that form an isolated system
Din collisions between two objects with the same mass
Mark scheme
11Oct / Nov 2025 · Paper 13 · Q10Show mark scheme →
A–6.0 m s–1
B–3.0 m s–1
C4.5 m s–1
D6.0 m s–1
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12Oct / Nov 2025 · Paper 14 · Q10Show mark scheme →
Azero
B2.0 J
C2.4 J
D3.0 J
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13Oct / Nov 2025 · Paper 14 · Q11Show mark scheme →
Aduring the collision, (force acting on object X) + (force acting on object Y) = zero
B(relative speed of approach of X and Y) + (relative speed of separation of X and Y) = zero
C(total kinetic energy before collision) = (total kinetic energy after collision)
D(total momentum before collision) = (total momentum after collision)
Mark scheme
14May / June 2025 · Paper 11 · Q9Show mark scheme →
Atotal kinetic energy yes, total velocity yes
Btotal kinetic energy yes, total velocity no
Ctotal kinetic energy no, total velocity yes
Dtotal kinetic energy no, total velocity no
Mark scheme
15May / June 2025 · Paper 12 · Q10Show mark scheme →
AThe relative speed of approach of the two objects equals the relative speed of separation.
BThe total kinetic energy of the objects is conserved.
CThe total kinetic energy of the objects is reduced.
DThe total linear momentum of the objects is conserved.
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16May / June 2025 · Paper 12 · Q13Show mark scheme →
AThe cart with the rock inside has a smaller momentum and a smaller kinetic energy.
BThe cart with the rock inside has a smaller momentum and the same kinetic energy.
CThe cart with the rock inside has the same momentum and a smaller kinetic energy.
DThe cart with the rock inside has the same momentum and the same kinetic energy.
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17May / June 2025 · Paper 13 · Q11Show mark scheme →
Adiagram A
Bdiagram B
Cdiagram C
Ddiagram D
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18May / June 2025 · Paper 14 · Q9Show mark scheme →
Aspeed of P / m s⁻¹: 1.2, speed of Q / m s⁻¹: 0.6
Bspeed of P / m s⁻¹: 2.0, speed of Q / m s⁻¹: 1.4
Cspeed of P / m s⁻¹: 2.8, speed of Q / m s⁻¹: 0.2
Dspeed of P / m s⁻¹: 3.6, speed of Q / m s⁻¹: 0.6
Mark scheme
19Feb / March 2025 · Paper 12 · Q6Show mark scheme →
AThe total momentum and the total kinetic energy are always conserved.
BThe total momentum is conserved only in elastic collisions.
CThe total momentum is conserved provided that no external forces act.
DThe total momentum of each object in the system is the product of its mass and velocity.
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20Feb / March 2025 · Paper 12 · Q7Show mark scheme →
A9.6 kg m s⁻¹
B11 kg m s⁻¹
C13 kg m s⁻¹
D25 kg m s⁻¹
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21Feb / March 2025 · Paper 12 · Q38Show mark scheme →
Av = (A/4 − 1)u
Bv = (A − 1)u
Cv = Au
Dv = (A + 1)u
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22Oct / Nov 2024 · Paper 11 · Q12Show mark scheme →
A1.1 m s⁻¹
B1.4 m s⁻¹
C3.5 m s⁻¹
D5.7 m s⁻¹
Mark scheme
23Oct / Nov 2024 · Paper 12 · Q7Show mark scheme →
Atotal momentum before collision / kg m s–1: 6; total momentum after collision / kg m s–1: 2; total kinetic energy before collision / J: 90; total kinetic energy after collision / J: 30
Btotal momentum before collision / kg m s–1: 6; total momentum after collision / kg m s–1: 6; total kinetic energy before collision / J: 30; total kinetic energy after collision / J: 90
Ctotal momentum before collision / kg m s–1: 6; total momentum after collision / kg m s–1: 6; total kinetic energy before collision / J: 90; total kinetic energy after collision / J: 30
Dtotal momentum before collision / kg m s–1: 6; total momentum after collision / kg m s–1: 6; total kinetic energy before collision / J: 90; total kinetic energy after collision / J: 90
Mark scheme
24Oct / Nov 2024 · Paper 12 · Q10Show mark scheme →
A1250 J
B7500 J
C11 250 J
D12 500 J
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25Oct / Nov 2024 · Paper 13 · Q10Show mark scheme →
AThe change of momentum of Y is greater than the change of momentum of X.
BThe force on Y is greater than the force on X.
CThe forces that X and Y exert on each other act for the same length of time.
DThe forces that X and Y exert on each other are gravitational forces only.
Mark scheme
26Oct / Nov 2024 · Paper 13 · Q11Show mark scheme →
Atotal momentum conserved, total kinetic energy conserved
Btotal momentum conserved, total kinetic energy not conserved
Ctotal momentum not conserved, total kinetic energy conserved
Dtotal momentum not conserved, total kinetic energy not conserved
Mark scheme
27May / June 2024 · Paper 11 · Q12Show mark scheme →
ASphere X rebounds with a speed that is greater than u, and sphere Y moves off with a speed that is less than u.
BSphere X rebounds with a speed that is less than u, and sphere Y moves off with a speed that is also less than u.
CSphere X rebounds with speed u, and sphere Y remains stationary.
DSphere X remains stationary, and sphere Y moves off with a speed that is less than u.
Mark scheme
28May / June 2024 · Paper 12 · Q7Show mark scheme →
Atotal kinetic energy: conserved; total momentum: conserved
Btotal kinetic energy: conserved; total momentum: reduced
Ctotal kinetic energy: reduced; total momentum: conserved
Dtotal kinetic energy: reduced; total momentum: reduced
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29May / June 2024 · Paper 12 · Q10Show mark scheme →
A5.1 m
B5.6 m
C10 m
D100 m
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30May / June 2024 · Paper 13 · Q9Show mark scheme →
ATotal kinetic energy is conserved and the relative speed of approach equals the relative speed of separation.
BTotal kinetic energy is conserved but the relative speed of approach does not equal the relative speed of separation.
CTotal kinetic energy is not conserved and the relative speed of approach does not equal the relative speed of separation.
DTotal kinetic energy is not conserved but the relative speed of approach does equal the relative speed of separation.
Mark scheme
31Feb / March 2024 · Paper 12 · Q8Show mark scheme →
AP 0.22 m s⁻¹ to the right, Q 0.58 m s⁻¹ to the right
BP 0.40 m s⁻¹ to the right, Q 0.40 m s⁻¹ to the right
CP 0.19 m s⁻¹ to the left, Q 0.99 m s⁻¹ to the right
DP 0.50 m s⁻¹ to the left, Q 1.30 m s⁻¹ to the right
Mark scheme
32Feb / March 2024 · Paper 12 · Q20Show mark scheme →
A√(E/m)
B√(2E/m)
C√(2E/3m)
D√(4E/3m)
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33Oct / Nov 2023 · Paper 11 · Q10Show mark scheme →
AThe total kinetic energy of the two objects does not change during the collision.
BThe total momentum of the two objects before the collision is zero.
CThe two objects have equal mass.
DThe two objects have the same speed before the collision.
Mark scheme
34Oct / Nov 2023 · Paper 12 · Q10Show mark scheme →
A\frac{3}{4}mv^2
B\frac{3}{2}mv^2
C\frac{9}{4}mv^2
D\frac{9}{2}mv^2
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35Oct / Nov 2023 · Paper 13 · Q10Show mark scheme →
A0.80 m s⁻¹
B1.2 m s⁻¹
C1.6 m s⁻¹
D1.8 m s⁻¹
Mark scheme
36May / June 2023 · Paper 11 · Q10Show mark scheme →
Au/8
B3u/16
C5u/16
D3u/8
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37May / June 2023 · Paper 12 · Q10Show mark scheme →
Au_X + u_Y = v_X + v_Y
Bu_X + u_Y = v_X – v_Y
Cu_X – u_Y = v_X + v_Y
Du_X – u_Y = v_X – v_Y
Mark scheme
38May / June 2023 · Paper 13 · Q10Show mark scheme →
A\frac{8}{10} mv^2
B\frac{34}{50} mv^2
C\frac{16}{50} mv^2
D\frac{1}{5} mv^2
Mark scheme
39Feb / March 2023 · Paper 12 · Q10Show mark scheme →
AKinetic energy is conserved in all collisions.
BMomentum is only conserved in perfectly elastic collisions.
CThe relative speed of approach is equal to the relative speed of separation for perfectly elastic collisions.
DWhen two objects of different masses collide, they exert forces of different magnitudes on each other.
Mark scheme
40Oct / Nov 2022 · Paper 11 · Q10Show mark scheme →
A4 J
B6 J
C8 J
D12 J
Mark scheme
41Oct / Nov 2022 · Paper 12 · Q11Show mark scheme →
A2 cm s⁻¹
B4 cm s⁻¹
C6 cm s⁻¹
D8 cm s⁻¹
Mark scheme
42Oct / Nov 2022 · Paper 13 · Q10Show mark scheme →
ABoth blocks must travel with the same speed.
BThe steel block must travel faster than the wooden block.
CThe wooden block must travel faster than the steel block.
DThe masses of the blocks and the steel ball are needed to determine which block travels faster.
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43May / June 2022 · Paper 11 · Q10Show mark scheme →
AA force is equal to the rate of change of momentum of the object upon which it acts.
BIn a perfectly elastic collision, the relative momentum of the objects before impact is equal to their relative momentum after impact.
CThe momentum of an object is the product of the mass of the object and its velocity.
DThe total momentum of a system of interacting objects remains constant, providing no resultant external force acts on the system.
Mark scheme
44May / June 2022 · Paper 12 · Q10Show mark scheme →
A3 m s⁻¹ to the left
B13 m s⁻¹ to the left
C3 m s⁻¹ to the right
D13 m s⁻¹ to the right
Mark scheme
45May / June 2022 · Paper 13 · Q11Show mark scheme →
A0.6 m s–1
B1.4 m s–1
C2.2 m s–1
D2.6 m s–1
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46Feb / March 2022 · Paper 12 · Q10Show mark scheme →
A1/2 mv^2
Bmv^2
C3/2 mv^2
D2mv^2
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47Oct / Nov 2021 · Paper 12 · Q10Show mark scheme →
A
B
C
D
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48Oct / Nov 2021 · Paper 13 · Q10Show mark scheme →
A2m moves left at u/3, m moves right at 5u/3
B2m moves left at u/6, m moves right at 2u/3
C2m moves right at u/6, m moves right at 2u/3
Dthe spheres stick together, moving right at u/3
Mark scheme
49May / June 2021 · Paper 11 · Q10Show mark scheme →
Akinetic energy conserved / total energy not conserved / linear momentum conserved
Bkinetic energy conserved / total energy not conserved / linear momentum not conserved
Ckinetic energy not conserved / total energy conserved / linear momentum conserved
Dkinetic energy not conserved / total energy conserved / linear momentum not conserved
Mark scheme
50May / June 2021 · Paper 12 · Q10Show mark scheme →
A120 m s⁻¹
B140 m s⁻¹
C180 m s⁻¹
D260 m s⁻¹
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51May / June 2021 · Paper 13 · Q10Show mark scheme →
AThe rock becomes stationary and the spacecraft moves towards the star.
BThe rock moves away from the star and so does the spacecraft.
CThe rock moves away from the star and the spacecraft moves towards the star.
DThe rock moves towards the star and so does the spacecraft.
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52May / June 2021 · Paper 13 · Q39Show mark scheme →
AMost α-particles are only slightly deflected as they pass through the gold foil.
BThe α-particle and the gold nucleus repel each other.
CThe mass of the gold nucleus is much greater than the mass of the α-particle.
DThe momentum of the α-particle decreases as it approaches the gold nucleus.
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53Feb / March 2021 · Paper 12 · Q10Show mark scheme →
A200 m s⁻¹
B240 m s⁻¹
C300 m s⁻¹
D360 m s⁻¹
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54Oct / Nov 2020 · Paper 11 · Q9Show mark scheme →
AThe change in the momentum of S is in the direction of arrow X.
BThe change in the velocity of S is approximately 20 m s–1.
CThe magnitude of the change of momentum of R is 10^3 times greater than the magnitude of the change of momentum of S.
DThe momentum of R does not change.
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55Oct / Nov 2020 · Paper 11 · Q10Show mark scheme →
A4 J
B6 J
C12 J
D14 J
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56Oct / Nov 2020 · Paper 12 · Q10Show mark scheme →
Abefore: 2m at 4.0 m s–1, m at 1.0 m s–1; after: 2m at 2.0 m s–1, m at 5.0 m s–1
Bbefore: 2m at 6.0 m s–1, m at 3.0 m s–1; after: 2m at 4.0 m s–1, m at 7.0 m s–1
Cbefore: 2m at 8.0 m s–1, m at 2.0 m s–1; after: 2m at 5.0 m s–1, m at 8.0 m s–1
Dbefore: 2m at 10.0 m s–1, m at 4.0 m s–1; after: 2m at 6.0 m s–1, m at 12.0 m s–1
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57Oct / Nov 2020 · Paper 12 · Q11Show mark scheme →
A$v$
B$v\sqrt{2}$
C$2v$
D$4v$
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58Oct / Nov 2020 · Paper 13 · Q10Show mark scheme →
A\frac{3}{10} u
Bu
C\frac{6}{5} u
D\frac{10}{6} u
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59May / June 2020 · Paper 11 · Q10Show mark scheme →
AThe force exerted on the bullet by the gun has the same magnitude as the force exerted on the gun by the bullet.
BThe force exerted on the bullet by the gun is in the opposite direction to the force exerted on the gun by the bullet.
CThe gun and the bullet have the same magnitude of momentum.
DThe kinetic energy of the gun must equal the kinetic energy of the bullet.
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60May / June 2020 · Paper 12 · Q9Show mark scheme →
Am₁u₁² – m₁v₁² = m₂v₂² – m₂u₂²
Bv₂ + u₂ = v₁ + u₁
Cm₁(u₁ – v₁) = m₂(v₂ – u₂)
Dm₁(u₁ – v₁)² = m₂(u₂ – v₂)²
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61May / June 2020 · Paper 13 · Q10Show mark scheme →
A\frac{1}{9}
B\frac{1}{3}
C\frac{2}{3}
D\frac{8}{9}
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62Feb / March 2020 · Paper 12 · Q10Show mark scheme →
AP and Q both travel in the same direction with speed $\frac{1}{2}v$.
BP comes to rest and Q acquires speed $v$.
CP rebounds with speed $\frac{1}{2}v$ and Q acquires speed $\frac{1}{2}v$.
DP rebounds with speed $v$ and Q remains stationary.
Mark scheme
63Oct / Nov 2019 · Paper 11 · Q10Show mark scheme →
Aspeed of P / m s–1: 1.2; speed of Q / m s–1: 0.6
Bspeed of P / m s–1: 2.0; speed of Q / m s–1: 1.4
Cspeed of P / m s–1: 2.8; speed of Q / m s–1: 0.2
Dspeed of P / m s–1: 3.6; speed of Q / m s–1: 0.6
Mark scheme
64Oct / Nov 2019 · Paper 12 · Q9Show mark scheme →
A1.8 m s⁻¹
B2.3 m s⁻¹
C3.0 m s⁻¹
D5.1 m s⁻¹
Mark scheme
65Oct / Nov 2019 · Paper 13 · Q9Show mark scheme →
A2.0 m s–1
B18 m s–1
C22 m s–1
D24 m s–1
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66May / June 2019 · Paper 12 · Q11Show mark scheme →
ADuring the interaction between P and Q some of the total kinetic energy is lost.
BDuring the interaction between P and Q some of the total momentum is lost.
CThe momentum of Q after the interaction is equal to the momentum of P before the interaction.
DThe values of (kinetic energy of P + kinetic energy of Q) before and after the interaction are equal.
Mark scheme
67May / June 2019 · Paper 13 · Q9Show mark scheme →
ADiagram A
BDiagram B
CDiagram C
DDiagram D
Mark scheme
68May / June 2019 · Paper 13 · Q17Show mark scheme →
A5.1 m
B5.6 m
C10 m
D100 m
Mark scheme
69Feb / March 2019 · Paper 12 · Q8Show mark scheme →
A3 m s⁻¹ to the left
B13 m s⁻¹ to the left
C3 m s⁻¹ to the right
D13 m s⁻¹ to the right
Mark scheme
70Feb / March 2019 · Paper 12 · Q10Show mark scheme →
A3/4 mv²
B3/2 mv²
C9/4 mv²
D9/2 mv²
Mark scheme
71Oct / Nov 2018 · Paper 11 · Q9Show mark scheme →
AA force is equal to the rate of change of momentum of the body upon which it acts.
BIn a perfectly elastic collision, the relative momentum of the bodies before impact is equal to their relative momentum after impact.
CThe momentum of a body is the product of the mass of the body and its velocity.
DThe total momentum of a system of interacting bodies remains constant, providing no resultant external force acts on the system.
Mark scheme
72Oct / Nov 2018 · Paper 12 · Q9Show mark scheme →
AThe initial speed of one body will be the same as the final speed of the other body.
BThe relative speed of approach between the two bodies equals their relative speed of separation.
CThe total momentum is conserved but the total kinetic energy will be reduced.
DOne of the bodies will be stationary at one instant.
Mark scheme
73Oct / Nov 2018 · Paper 12 · Q10Show mark scheme →
AX moves with speed 1/2 v to the right; Y moves with speed 1/2 v to the right
BX moves with speed v to the left; Y remains stationary
CX moves with speed 1/2 v to the left; Y moves with speed 1/2 v to the right
DX stops; Y moves with speed v to the right
Mark scheme
74May / June 2018 · Paper 11 · Q9Show mark scheme →
AThe spheres stick together on impact.
BThe total kinetic energy after impact is mv^2.
CThe total kinetic energy before impact is zero.
DThe total momentum before impact is 2mv.
Mark scheme
75May / June 2018 · Paper 12 · Q9Show mark scheme →
A8/10 mv²
B34/50 mv²
C16/50 mv²
D1/5 mv²
Mark scheme
76May / June 2018 · Paper 13 · Q9Show mark scheme →
A39°
B40°
C50°
D51°
Mark scheme
77Oct / Nov 2017 · Paper 11 · Q10Show mark scheme →
AIn an elastic collision momentum is constant.
BMomentum is the product of mass and velocity.
CThe force acting on a body is proportional to its rate of change of momentum.
DThe momentum of an isolated system is constant.
Mark scheme
78Oct / Nov 2017 · Paper 11 · Q11Show mark scheme →
A2 cm s–1
B4 cm s–1
C6 cm s–1
D8 cm s–1
Mark scheme
79Oct / Nov 2017 · Paper 12 · Q9Show mark scheme →
ABoth vehicles stop.
BOnly one vehicle stops.
CThe fast vehicle's speed increases.
DThe slow vehicle's speed increases.
Mark scheme
80Oct / Nov 2017 · Paper 13 · Q10Show mark scheme →
A\frac{v}{4}
B\frac{v}{2}
Cv
D\frac{5v}{4}
Mark scheme
81May / June 2017 · Paper 12 · Q14Show mark scheme →
Akinetic energy: conserved; total energy: not conserved; linear momentum: conserved
Bkinetic energy: conserved; total energy: not conserved; linear momentum: not conserved
Ckinetic energy: not conserved; total energy: conserved; linear momentum: conserved
Dkinetic energy: not conserved; total energy: conserved; linear momentum: not conserved
Mark scheme
82Feb / March 2017 · Paper 12 · Q10Show mark scheme →
Av₁ = 4.0 m s⁻¹, v₂ = 4.0 m s⁻¹
Bv₁ = 9.2 m s⁻¹, v₂ = 9.2 m s⁻¹
Cv₁ = 14 m s⁻¹, v₂ = 14 m s⁻¹
Dv₁ = 16 m s⁻¹, v₂ = 16 m s⁻¹
Mark scheme
83Oct / Nov 2016 · Paper 11 · Q13Show mark scheme →
Au1 = 2, u2 = –5, v1 = –5, v2 = –2
Bu1 = 3, u2 = –3, v1 = 0, v2 = 6
Cu1 = 3, u2 = –2, v1 = 1, v2 = 6
Du1 = 5, u2 = 2, v1 = 3, v2 = 6
Mark scheme
84Oct / Nov 2016 · Paper 12 · Q11Show mark scheme →
A2.0 m s–1 to the left
B2.0 m s–1 to the right
C2.8 m s–1 to the left
D2.8 m s–1 to the right
Mark scheme
85Oct / Nov 2016 · Paper 13 · Q13Show mark scheme →
Au1 = 2, u2 = –5, v1 = –5, v2 = –2
Bu1 = 3, u2 = –3, v1 = 0, v2 = 6
Cu1 = 3, u2 = –2, v1 = 1, v2 = 6
Du1 = 5, u2 = 2, v1 = 3, v2 = 6
Mark scheme
86May / June 2016 · Paper 11 · Q9Show mark scheme →
ABoth total kinetic energy and total momentum are conserved.
BTotal kinetic energy is conserved, but total momentum is not conserved.
CTotal momentum is conserved, but total kinetic energy is not conserved.
DNeither total kinetic energy nor total momentum is conserved.
Mark scheme
87May / June 2016 · Paper 11 · Q10Show mark scheme →
Au1 – u2 = v2 + v1
Bu1 – u2 = v2 – v1
Cu1 + u2 = v2 + v1
Du1 + u2 = v2 – v1
Mark scheme
88May / June 2016 · Paper 12 · Q11Show mark scheme →
Acorrect, correct, correct
Bincorrect, correct, incorrect
Ccorrect, incorrect, incorrect
Dincorrect, correct, correct
Mark scheme
89May / June 2016 · Paper 13 · Q9Show mark scheme →
Atotal momentum conserved, total kinetic energy conserved
Btotal momentum conserved, total kinetic energy not conserved
Ctotal momentum not conserved, total kinetic energy conserved
Dtotal momentum not conserved, total kinetic energy not conserved
Mark scheme
90May / June 2016 · Paper 13 · Q10Show mark scheme →
A15 cm s–1
B20 cm s–1
C30 cm s–1
D45 cm s–1
Mark scheme
91Feb / March 2016 · Paper 12 · Q10Show mark scheme →
AVector diagram with $mu$ horizontal, $\frac{mu}{2}$ at angle $\alpha$ to the horizontal, and $\frac{Mu}{3}$ at angle $\beta$ to the horizontal.
BVector diagram with $mu$ horizontal, $\frac{mu}{2}$ at angle $\beta$ to the horizontal, and $\frac{Mu}{3}$ at angle $\alpha$ to the horizontal.
CVector diagram with $mu$ horizontal, $\frac{mu}{2}$ at angle $\alpha$ to the horizontal, and $\frac{Mu}{3}$ at angle $\beta$ to the horizontal.
DVector diagram with $mu$ horizontal, $\frac{mu}{2}$ at angle $\beta$ to the horizontal, and $\frac{Mu}{3}$ at angle $\alpha$ to the horizontal.
Mark scheme