Energy conservation
5.1What the syllabus asks of you
- understand the concept of work, and recall and use work done = force × displacement in the direction of the force
- recall and apply the principle of conservation of energy
- recall and understand that the efficiency of a system is the ratio of useful energy output from the system to the total energy input
- use the concept of efficiency to solve problems
- define power as work done per unit time
- solve problems using P = W / t
- derive P = Fv and use it to solve problems
Read the notes first
Chapter 5: Energy conservation
Drill this topic
Every question on Energy conservation, untimed, marked as you go.
Make a worksheet
Choose the years and how many questions, then print it with the answers on separate pages.
182 questions
1May / June 2026 · Paper 11 · Q17Show mark scheme →
Athe difference between the useful energy output from the system and the total energy input
Bthe difference between the useful energy output from the system and the wasted energy output
Cthe ratio of the useful energy output from the system to the total energy input
Dthe ratio of the useful energy output from the system to the wasted energy output
Mark scheme
2May / June 2026 · Paper 11 · Q19Show mark scheme →
AW = Fs
Bv = s/t
CF = ma
DP = W/t
Mark scheme
3May / June 2026 · Paper 12 · Q17Show mark scheme →
A0.3 W
B1.2 W
C4.8 W
D30 W
Mark scheme
4May / June 2026 · Paper 13 · Q17Show mark scheme →
AFs = mv^2 - mu^2
B2Fs = mv^2 - mu^2
Cv^2u = u^2 - (F/m)s
Dv^2 = u^2 - 2(F/m)s
Mark scheme
5May / June 2026 · Paper 13 · Q19Show mark scheme →
A102 kW
B142 kW
C182 kW
D470 kW
Mark scheme
6May / June 2026 · Paper 14 · Q18Show mark scheme →
Aforce × distance
Bforce × velocity
Cwork done × time
Dwork done × velocity
Mark scheme
7Oct / Nov 2025 · Paper 11 · Q18Show mark scheme →
Aon the platform before the jump
Bon the way down before the cord has started to extend
Con the way down as he decelerates
Dat the bottom of the jump when he is stationary
Mark scheme
8Oct / Nov 2025 · Paper 11 · Q19Show mark scheme →
Athe force exerted by the wind
Bthe distance travelled by the sailboat per unit time
Cthe total energy input to the sailboat by the wind
Dthe weight of the sailboat
Mark scheme
9Oct / Nov 2025 · Paper 12 · Q19Show mark scheme →
A1.2 m
B2.4 m
C3.6 m
D4.8 m
Mark scheme
10Oct / Nov 2025 · Paper 12 · Q20Show mark scheme →
A0.12 kW
B1.2 kW
C7.2 kW
D71 kW
Mark scheme
11Oct / Nov 2025 · Paper 13 · Q18Show mark scheme →
Aon the platform before the jump
Bon the way down before the cord has started to extend
Con the way down as he decelerates
Dat the bottom of the jump when he is stationary
Mark scheme
12Oct / Nov 2025 · Paper 13 · Q19Show mark scheme →
Athe force exerted by the wind
Bthe distance travelled by the sailboat per unit time
Cthe total energy input to the sailboat by the wind
Dthe weight of the sailboat
Mark scheme
13Oct / Nov 2025 · Paper 14 · Q16Show mark scheme →
A1 and 2
B1 only
C2 and 3
D2 only
Mark scheme
14Oct / Nov 2025 · Paper 14 · Q18Show mark scheme →
A\frac{Q}{E}
B\left(\frac{Q}{E}\right) - 1
C1 - \left(\frac{Q}{E}\right)
D\frac{(1-Q)}{E}
Mark scheme
15May / June 2025 · Paper 11 · Q12Show mark scheme →
A48 W
B300 W
C470 W
D2900 W
Mark scheme
16May / June 2025 · Paper 11 · Q18Show mark scheme →
A100 J
B250 J
C350 J
D600 J
Mark scheme
17May / June 2025 · Paper 12 · Q19Show mark scheme →
A280 J
B810 J
C960 J
D1100 J
Mark scheme
18May / June 2025 · Paper 12 · Q20Show mark scheme →
Atotal energy input / useful energy output
B(useful energy output + wasted energy output) / total energy input
Cuseful energy output / total energy input
Dwasted energy output / total energy input
Mark scheme
19May / June 2025 · Paper 13 · Q17Show mark scheme →
A0.032 kW
B0.90 kW
C3.2 kW
D90 kW
Mark scheme
20May / June 2025 · Paper 14 · Q14Show mark scheme →
AThe object slides with a constant velocity along a horizontal frictionless surface in a vacuum.
BA person holds the object at arm's length and at a fixed height above the ground.
CA person pushes the object up a frictionless ramp.
DThe stationary object floats partially submerged in water.
Mark scheme
21May / June 2025 · Paper 14 · Q15Show mark scheme →
A6 s
B15 s
C30 s
D60 s
Mark scheme
22May / June 2025 · Paper 14 · Q16Show mark scheme →
AA student and a motorcycle of total mass 80 kg come to rest from a speed of 2.0 m s–1.
BA student of mass 50 kg falls a vertical distance of 2.0 m.
CA student pushes a car with a horizontal force of 70 N for a horizontal distance of 2.0 m.
DA student switches on a 70 W lamp for 20 s.
Mark scheme
23Feb / March 2025 · Paper 12 · Q14Show mark scheme →
Adisplacement = velocity × time
Bforce = mass × acceleration
Cmomentum = mass × velocity
Dvelocity = acceleration × time
Mark scheme
24Feb / March 2025 · Paper 12 · Q16Show mark scheme →
A13 J
B50 J
C340 J
D360 J
Mark scheme
25Feb / March 2025 · Paper 12 · Q17Show mark scheme →
A0.15 MW
B1.5 MW
C1.7 MW
D90 MW
Mark scheme
26Oct / Nov 2024 · Paper 11 · Q18Show mark scheme →
Azero
B1/2 mv^2
Cmgh
D2mgh
Mark scheme
27Oct / Nov 2024 · Paper 12 · Q15Show mark scheme →
Awork done in one second
Bwork done in unit time
Cwork done per second
Dwork done per unit time
Mark scheme
28Oct / Nov 2024 · Paper 12 · Q16Show mark scheme →
A27 N
B40 N
C67 N
D110 N
Mark scheme
29Oct / Nov 2024 · Paper 12 · Q17Show mark scheme →
AEnergy cannot be used faster than it is created.
BThe supply of energy is limited, so energy must be conserved.
CThe total energy in a closed system is constant.
DThe total energy input to a system is equal to the useful energy output.
Mark scheme
30Oct / Nov 2024 · Paper 13 · Q18Show mark scheme →
ARunning provides more gravitational potential energy and uses more power.
BRunning provides more gravitational potential energy and uses the same power.
CRunning provides the same gravitational potential energy and uses more power.
DRunning provides the same gravitational potential energy and uses the same power.
Mark scheme
31Oct / Nov 2024 · Paper 13 · Q19Show mark scheme →
AWp
BW(p + q)
CWq
DWr
Mark scheme
32May / June 2024 · Paper 11 · Q17Show mark scheme →
A80 J
B110 J
C120 J
D160 J
Mark scheme
33May / June 2024 · Paper 11 · Q18Show mark scheme →
AEfficiency does not have a unit.
BThe joule is a unit of efficiency.
CThe metre is a unit of efficiency.
DThe watt is a unit of efficiency.
Mark scheme
34May / June 2024 · Paper 12 · Q14Show mark scheme →
A32 kW
B64 kW
C128 kW
D512 kW
Mark scheme
35May / June 2024 · Paper 12 · Q15Show mark scheme →
AFd/Wh
BPd/Wh
CWh/Fd
DWh/Pd
Mark scheme
36May / June 2024 · Paper 13 · Q15Show mark scheme →
A8%
B9%
C91%
D92%
Mark scheme
37May / June 2024 · Paper 13 · Q18Show mark scheme →
A4.9 m s–1
B6.6 m s–1
C8.6 m s–1
D10 m s–1
Mark scheme
38Feb / March 2024 · Paper 12 · Q16Show mark scheme →
A\frac{1}{2}Fv
BFv
C\frac{1}{2}Fv^2
DFv^2
Mark scheme
39Feb / March 2024 · Paper 12 · Q19Show mark scheme →
A1.6 × 10¹ J
B1.6 × 10³ J
C5.8 × 10⁴ J
D5.8 × 10⁶ J
Mark scheme
40Oct / Nov 2023 · Paper 11 · Q15Show mark scheme →
A420 J
B480 J
C590 J
D1000 J
Mark scheme
41Oct / Nov 2023 · Paper 11 · Q16Show mark scheme →
A$\dfrac{P_{out}}{P_{in}}$
B$\dfrac{P_{in}-P_{out}}{P_{in}}$
C$\dfrac{P_{in}}{P_{out}}$
D$\dfrac{P_{out}}{P_{in}-P_{out}}$
Mark scheme
42Oct / Nov 2023 · Paper 12 · Q15Show mark scheme →
A0.73E
B0.86E
C1.2E
D1.4E
Mark scheme
43Oct / Nov 2023 · Paper 12 · Q16Show mark scheme →
Athe total energy input to the system divided by the useful energy output by the system
Bthe useful energy output from the system divided by the energy wasted by the system
Cthe useful energy output from the system divided by the total energy input to the system
Dthe energy wasted by the system divided by the total energy input to the system
Mark scheme
44Oct / Nov 2023 · Paper 13 · Q15Show mark scheme →
ASome of the water gains gravitational potential energy.
BThe cylinder loses gravitational potential energy.
CWork is done by force F on the cylinder.
DWork is done by the upthrust on the cylinder.
Mark scheme
45Oct / Nov 2023 · Paper 13 · Q16Show mark scheme →
A5.0%
B20%
C25%
D80%
Mark scheme
46Oct / Nov 2023 · Paper 13 · Q17Show mark scheme →
A\frac{gv}{R}
B\frac{R}{gv}
C\frac{2R}{v^2}
D\frac{v^2}{2R}
Mark scheme
47May / June 2023 · Paper 11 · Q16Show mark scheme →
A2.6 kJ
B3.1 kJ
C3.4 kJ
D4.0 kJ
Mark scheme
48May / June 2023 · Paper 11 · Q17Show mark scheme →
AThe kinetic energy of the ball decreases as the gravitational potential energy decreases.
BThe kinetic energy of the ball decreases as the gravitational potential energy increases.
CThe kinetic energy of the ball increases as the gravitational potential energy decreases.
DThe total energy of the ball increases.
Mark scheme
49May / June 2023 · Paper 12 · Q15Show mark scheme →
A\frac{P_L}{P_O}
B\frac{P_I}{P_O}
C\frac{P_L}{P_I}
D\frac{P_O}{P_I}
Mark scheme
50May / June 2023 · Paper 12 · Q16Show mark scheme →
AGraph A: F decreasing curve from high value at v=0
BGraph B: F increasing linearly from origin
CGraph C: F increasing curve from origin, concave down
DGraph D: F increasing curve from origin, concave up
Mark scheme
51May / June 2023 · Paper 13 · Q15Show mark scheme →
Amoving the suitcase a distance of 8 m at a constant speed up the sloping conveyor belt
Bmoving the suitcase a distance of 16 m at a constant speed along the horizontal conveyor belt
Cmoving the suitcase a distance of 10 m at a constant speed vertically upwards on the lift
Dmoving the suitcase a distance of 12 m at increasing speed downwards on the slide
Mark scheme
52May / June 2023 · Paper 13 · Q16Show mark scheme →
A\frac{Fv}{4.0}
B\frac{4.0}{Fv}
C4.0Fv
D\frac{4.0F}{v}
Mark scheme
53Feb / March 2023 · Paper 12 · Q16Show mark scheme →
A170 W
B310 W
C650 W
D880 W
Mark scheme
54Feb / March 2023 · Paper 12 · Q17Show mark scheme →
A0 J
B13 J
C25 J
D37 J
Mark scheme
55Oct / Nov 2022 · Paper 11 · Q17Show mark scheme →
A64 W
B450 W
C630 W
D4400 W
Mark scheme
56Oct / Nov 2022 · Paper 12 · Q17Show mark scheme →
A\frac{P}{Wd}
B\frac{Wv}{P}
C\frac{Wd}{P}
D\frac{Pv}{W}
Mark scheme
57Oct / Nov 2022 · Paper 12 · Q18Show mark scheme →
A120 J
B200 J
C3400 J
D7200 J
Mark scheme
58Oct / Nov 2022 · Paper 13 · Q16Show mark scheme →
A\frac{(\text{current})^2}{\text{resistance}}
B\frac{\text{force} \times \text{displacement}}{\text{time}}
C\text{current} \times (\text{resistance})^2
D\frac{\text{weight}}{\text{time}}
Mark scheme
59Oct / Nov 2022 · Paper 13 · Q17Show mark scheme →
Aon the platform before the jump
Bon the way down before the cord has started to extend
Con the way down as he decelerates
Dat the bottom of the jump when he is stationary
Mark scheme
60May / June 2022 · Paper 11 · Q16Show mark scheme →
A5 J
B19 J
C27 J
D43 J
Mark scheme
61May / June 2022 · Paper 11 · Q17Show mark scheme →
A\frac{Q}{E}
B\left(\frac{Q}{E}\right) - 1
C1 - \left(\frac{Q}{E}\right)
D\frac{(1-Q)}{E}
Mark scheme
62May / June 2022 · Paper 12 · Q16Show mark scheme →
Aforce × distance
Bforce × velocity
Cwork done × time
Dwork done × velocity
Mark scheme
63May / June 2022 · Paper 12 · Q17Show mark scheme →
A0.13
B0.63
C1.6
D8.0
Mark scheme
64May / June 2022 · Paper 13 · Q17Show mark scheme →
Athe difference between the useful energy output from the system and the total energy input
Bthe difference between the useful energy output from the system and the wasted energy output
Cthe ratio of the useful energy output from the system to the total energy input
Dthe ratio of the useful energy output from the system to the wasted energy output
Mark scheme
65May / June 2022 · Paper 13 · Q18Show mark scheme →
A72 kW
B220 kW
C290 kW
D360 kW
Mark scheme
66Feb / March 2022 · Paper 12 · Q15Show mark scheme →
A$\dfrac{U}{E_{in}} \times 100\%$
B$\dfrac{W}{E_{in}} \times 100\%$
C$\dfrac{U}{W} \times 100\%$
D$\dfrac{U+W}{E_{in}} \times 100\%$
Mark scheme
67Feb / March 2022 · Paper 12 · Q16Show mark scheme →
A4.4 kW
B6.4 kW
C8.8 kW
D10.8 kW
Mark scheme
68Oct / Nov 2021 · Paper 11 · Q15Show mark scheme →
AEnergy is never lost but it may be transferred between different forms.
BIn an inelastic collision, the total energy is constant.
CThe efficiency of a system is the ratio of the useful energy output to the total energy input.
DWhen a machine does work, friction reduces the total energy.
Mark scheme
69Oct / Nov 2021 · Paper 11 · Q18Show mark scheme →
A14 kW
B60 kW
C110 kW
D380 kW
Mark scheme
70Oct / Nov 2021 · Paper 12 · Q17Show mark scheme →
A4.2 J
B4.8 J
C7.3 J
D8.4 J
Mark scheme
71Oct / Nov 2021 · Paper 12 · Q18Show mark scheme →
A\frac{Y}{W}
B\frac{Y}{(W+X)}
C\frac{Y}{X}
D\frac{Y}{(W+X+Y)}
Mark scheme
72Oct / Nov 2021 · Paper 12 · Q20Show mark scheme →
A8.6 m s⁻¹
B11 m s⁻¹
C15 m s⁻¹
D24 m s⁻¹
Mark scheme
73Oct / Nov 2021 · Paper 13 · Q17Show mark scheme →
AX/Y
B(X − Y)/Y
CX/(X + Y)
D(X − Y)/(X + Y)
Mark scheme
74Oct / Nov 2021 · Paper 13 · Q19Show mark scheme →
A2.5 kW
B3.5 kW
C150 kW
D210 kW
Mark scheme
75May / June 2021 · Paper 11 · Q15Show mark scheme →
Achemical energy, gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy
Bchemical energy and gravitational potential energy only
Cchemical energy and kinetic energy only
Dgravitational potential energy and kinetic energy only
Mark scheme
76May / June 2021 · Paper 11 · Q16Show mark scheme →
A0.4 J
B2.5 J
C500 J
D1000 J
Mark scheme
77May / June 2021 · Paper 11 · Q17Show mark scheme →
A3.5 m
B76 m
C79 m
D80 m
Mark scheme
78May / June 2021 · Paper 11 · Q18Show mark scheme →
A12.0 W
B20.8 W
C24.0 W
D30.0 W
Mark scheme
79May / June 2021 · Paper 12 · Q16Show mark scheme →
A0.060 J
B0.48 J
C6.0 J
D48 J
Mark scheme
80May / June 2021 · Paper 12 · Q18Show mark scheme →
APower is the product of force and velocity.
BPower is the product of force and work done per unit time.
CPower is the product of force per unit time and velocity.
DPower is the rate at which work is done.
Mark scheme
81May / June 2021 · Paper 13 · Q18Show mark scheme →
A3.0 × 10⁴ J
B1.2 × 10⁵ J
C1.5 × 10⁵ J
D1.8 × 10⁵ J
Mark scheme
82May / June 2021 · Paper 13 · Q19Show mark scheme →
A(force × displacement) / time
Bforce × velocity
Cwork done / time
Dwork done × velocity
Mark scheme
83Feb / March 2021 · Paper 12 · Q15Show mark scheme →
AAfter release, the kinetic energy of block X must equal the kinetic energy of block Y.
BAfter release, the sum of the kinetic energies of the blocks is equal to zero.
CThe total energy of the spring and blocks immediately before release is zero.
DThe total energy of the spring and blocks is equal to the energy needed to bring the blocks together.
Mark scheme
84Feb / March 2021 · Paper 12 · Q18Show mark scheme →
A1.8 × 10^5 W
B2.2 × 10^5 W
C1.8 × 10^6 W
D2.0 × 10^6 W
Mark scheme
85Oct / Nov 2020 · Paper 11 · Q15Show mark scheme →
A35 kJ
B45 kJ
C55 kJ
D65 kJ
Mark scheme
86Oct / Nov 2020 · Paper 11 · Q16Show mark scheme →
A5.6%
B43%
C57%
D77%
Mark scheme
87Oct / Nov 2020 · Paper 11 · Q18Show mark scheme →
A0.075 MW
B1.2 MW
C1.3 MW
D3.8 MW
Mark scheme
88Oct / Nov 2020 · Paper 12 · Q16Show mark scheme →
ABy the principle of conservation of energy, the total energy of the ball is constant throughout its motion.
BBy the principle of conservation of momentum, the momentum of the ball is constant throughout its motion.
CThe kinetic energy of the ball is greatest at the greatest height attained.
DThe potential energy of the ball increases at a constant rate during its ascent.
Mark scheme
89Oct / Nov 2020 · Paper 12 · Q17Show mark scheme →
A0.050 N
B2.0 N
C50 N
D2000 N
Mark scheme
90Oct / Nov 2020 · Paper 12 · Q19Show mark scheme →
A5 kN
B10 kN
C50 kN
D100 kN
Mark scheme
91Oct / Nov 2020 · Paper 13 · Q17Show mark scheme →
A\frac{pV_0}{q}
B\frac{V_F}{V_0 q}
C\frac{p(V_F - V_0)}{q}
D\frac{(V_F - V_0)}{V_0 q}
Mark scheme
92Oct / Nov 2020 · Paper 13 · Q18Show mark scheme →
A4.0 J
B5.6 J
C9.6 J
D15 J
Mark scheme
93Oct / Nov 2020 · Paper 13 · Q19Show mark scheme →
A0.60 kW
B5.9 kW
C36 kW
D350 kW
Mark scheme
94May / June 2020 · Paper 11 · Q17Show mark scheme →
AWg = 24 J, Wf = 7.5 J
BWg = 24 J, Wf = 15 J
CWg = 48 J, Wf = 7.5 J
DWg = 48 J, Wf = 15 J
Mark scheme
95May / June 2020 · Paper 11 · Q19Show mark scheme →
A\frac{P_I}{P_O + P_L}
B\frac{P_L}{P_I}
C\frac{P_L}{P_O}
D\frac{P_O}{P_I}
Mark scheme
96May / June 2020 · Paper 12 · Q14Show mark scheme →
A\frac{X}{X-Y}
B\frac{Y}{X-Y}
C\frac{X-Y}{X}
D\frac{X-Y}{Y}
Mark scheme
97May / June 2020 · Paper 12 · Q15Show mark scheme →
AThe object slides with a constant velocity along a horizontal frictionless surface in a vacuum.
BA person holds the object at arm's length and at a fixed height above the ground.
CA person pushes the object up a frictionless ramp.
DThe stationary object floats partially submerged in water.
Mark scheme
98May / June 2020 · Paper 12 · Q17Show mark scheme →
A5.4 kW
B6.4 kW
C53 kW
D63 kW
Mark scheme
99May / June 2020 · Paper 13 · Q16Show mark scheme →
APE → KE ; KE → PE
BPE → KE ; KE → PE + heat
CPE → KE + heat ; KE → PE
DPE → KE + heat ; KE → PE + heat
Mark scheme
100May / June 2020 · Paper 13 · Q19Show mark scheme →
A2.4 MW
B8.0 MW
C12 MW
D20 MW
Mark scheme
101Feb / March 2020 · Paper 12 · Q15Show mark scheme →
AThe kinetic energy of the ball decreases as the gravitational potential energy decreases.
BThe kinetic energy of the ball decreases as the gravitational potential energy increases.
CThe kinetic energy of the ball increases as the gravitational potential energy decreases.
DThe total energy of the ball increases.
Mark scheme
102Feb / March 2020 · Paper 12 · Q16Show mark scheme →
Abeing carried back 20 m at constant speed
Bbeing lifted up 1 m
Cbeing pulled 10 m across ice
Dbeing pulled 10 m across snow
Mark scheme
103Feb / March 2020 · Paper 12 · Q18Show mark scheme →
Azero
B2.3 × 10^4 W
C5.3 × 10^4 W
D7.5 × 10^4 W
Mark scheme
104Oct / Nov 2019 · Paper 11 · Q15Show mark scheme →
Aelectrical power input 72 W, waste heat power output 48 W
Belectrical power input 192 W, waste heat power output 72 W
Celectrical power input 200 W, waste heat power output 72 W
Delectrical power input 200 W, waste heat power output 80 W
Mark scheme
105Oct / Nov 2019 · Paper 11 · Q18Show mark scheme →
A4.0 W
B4.0 kW
C90 kW
D90 MW
Mark scheme
106Oct / Nov 2019 · Paper 12 · Q15Show mark scheme →
A2.5 × 10⁴ kg
B6.3 × 10⁴ kg
C1.5 × 10⁶ kg
D3.0 × 10⁷ kg
Mark scheme
107Oct / Nov 2019 · Paper 12 · Q16Show mark scheme →
ASome of the water gains gravitational potential energy.
BThe cylinder loses gravitational potential energy.
CWork is done by force F on the cylinder.
DWork is done by the upthrust on the cylinder.
Mark scheme
108Oct / Nov 2019 · Paper 12 · Q17Show mark scheme →
A0.12 kW
B1.2 kW
C7.2 kW
D71 kW
Mark scheme
109Oct / Nov 2019 · Paper 13 · Q14Show mark scheme →
APS / NME
BPSN / ME
CNME / PS
DNM / PSE
Mark scheme
110Oct / Nov 2019 · Paper 13 · Q15Show mark scheme →
A60 J
B6.0 × 10³ J
C6.0 × 10⁵ J
D6.0 × 10⁷ J
Mark scheme
111Oct / Nov 2019 · Paper 13 · Q17Show mark scheme →
A$v^3 = \dfrac{P}{k}$
B$v^2 = \dfrac{P}{k}$
C$v = \left(\dfrac{P}{k}\right)^2$
D$v = \left(\dfrac{P}{k}\right)^3$
Mark scheme
112May / June 2019 · Paper 11 · Q17Show mark scheme →
A250 J
B290 J
C430 J
D500 J
Mark scheme
113May / June 2019 · Paper 11 · Q19Show mark scheme →
A9.0 × 10^-3 W
B1.8 × 10^-2 W
C2.7 × 10^-2 W
D37 W
Mark scheme
114May / June 2019 · Paper 12 · Q17Show mark scheme →
A31%
B38%
C50%
D81%
Mark scheme
115May / June 2019 · Paper 12 · Q19Show mark scheme →
A1.1 MW
B2.8 MW
C6.9 MW
D14 MW
Mark scheme
116May / June 2019 · Paper 13 · Q15Show mark scheme →
AEnergy conversion helps to conserve energy sources.
BEnergy is conserved only in systems with an efficiency of 100%.
CThe supply of energy is limited so energy should be conserved.
DThe total amount of energy in a closed system is constant.
Mark scheme
117May / June 2019 · Paper 13 · Q16Show mark scheme →
ARunning provides more gravitational potential energy and uses more power.
BRunning provides more gravitational potential energy and uses the same power.
CRunning provides the same gravitational potential energy and uses more power.
DRunning provides the same gravitational potential energy and uses the same power.
Mark scheme
118Feb / March 2019 · Paper 12 · Q15Show mark scheme →
AEnergy cannot be used faster than it is created.
BThe supply of energy is limited, so energy must be conserved.
CThe total energy in a closed system is constant.
DThe total energy input to a system is equal to the useful energy output.
Mark scheme
119Feb / March 2019 · Paper 12 · Q16Show mark scheme →
A8.1%
B8.5%
C48%
D83%
Mark scheme
120Feb / March 2019 · Paper 12 · Q17Show mark scheme →
A\frac{150 \times 10^3}{40 \times 10^6 \times 20 \times 60 \times 60}
B\frac{150 \times 10^3 \times 60 \times 60}{20 \times 40 \times 10^6}
C\frac{150 \times 10^3 \times 40 \times 10^6 \times 20}{60 \times 60}
D\frac{150 \times 10^3 \times 20}{40 \times 10^3 \times 60 \times 60}
Mark scheme
121Feb / March 2019 · Paper 12 · Q18Show mark scheme →
A48 W
B300 W
C470 W
D2900 W
Mark scheme
122Oct / Nov 2018 · Paper 11 · Q14Show mark scheme →
Achemical energy, gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy
Bchemical energy and gravitational potential energy only
Cchemical energy and kinetic energy only
Dgravitational potential energy and kinetic energy only
Mark scheme
123Oct / Nov 2018 · Paper 11 · Q15Show mark scheme →
A$\dfrac{mg}{pA}$
B$\dfrac{mg}{mg + pA}$
C$\dfrac{pA}{mg}$
D$\dfrac{mg - pA}{mg}$
Mark scheme
124Oct / Nov 2018 · Paper 11 · Q17Show mark scheme →
A32 kW
B64 kW
C128 kW
D512 kW
Mark scheme
125Oct / Nov 2018 · Paper 12 · Q15Show mark scheme →
Ahalf-way: kinetic energy and elastic potential energy; lowest point: kinetic energy and elastic potential energy
Bhalf-way: kinetic energy and elastic potential energy; lowest point: elastic potential energy only
Chalf-way: kinetic energy only; lowest point: kinetic energy and elastic potential energy
Dhalf-way: kinetic energy only; lowest point: elastic potential energy only
Mark scheme
126Oct / Nov 2018 · Paper 12 · Q18Show mark scheme →
A4.2 kW
B38 kW
C120 kW
D1100 kW
Mark scheme
127Oct / Nov 2018 · Paper 12 · Q19Show mark scheme →
AGraph A: $F$ decreases as a curve with increasing $v$
BGraph B: $F$ increases linearly with $v$ from the origin
CGraph C: $F$ increases as a curve with decreasing gradient from the origin
DGraph D: $F$ increases as a curve with increasing gradient from the origin
Mark scheme
128Oct / Nov 2018 · Paper 13 · Q15Show mark scheme →
AEnergy is never lost but it may be transferred between different forms.
BIn an inelastic collision, the total energy is constant.
CThe efficiency of a system is the ratio of the useful energy output to the total energy input.
DWhen a machine does work, friction reduces the total energy.
Mark scheme
129Oct / Nov 2018 · Paper 13 · Q16Show mark scheme →
A0.975 kJ
B117 kJ
C180 kJ
D277 kJ
Mark scheme
130Oct / Nov 2018 · Paper 13 · Q17Show mark scheme →
AF = 0.067 N, g = 0.011 m s⁻²
BF = 0.067 N, g = 0.40 m s⁻²
CF = 15 N, g = 2.5 m s⁻²
DF = 15 N, g = 90 m s⁻²
Mark scheme
131Oct / Nov 2018 · Paper 13 · Q18Show mark scheme →
A18 W
B36 W
C350 W
D2500 W
Mark scheme
132May / June 2018 · Paper 11 · Q14Show mark scheme →
A0.43 m s⁻¹
B4.2 m s⁻¹
C39 m s⁻¹
D380 m s⁻¹
Mark scheme
133May / June 2018 · Paper 11 · Q16Show mark scheme →
A1.8 × 10⁵ W
B2.2 × 10⁵ W
C1.8 × 10⁶ W
D2.0 × 10⁶ W
Mark scheme
134May / June 2018 · Paper 11 · Q17Show mark scheme →
A10 W
B13 W
C30 W
D50 W
Mark scheme
135May / June 2018 · Paper 12 · Q19Show mark scheme →
A3.0 × 10⁴ J
B1.2 × 10⁵ J
C1.5 × 10⁵ J
D1.8 × 10⁵ J
Mark scheme
136May / June 2018 · Paper 13 · Q15Show mark scheme →
A8.3%
B12%
C83%
D85%
Mark scheme
137May / June 2018 · Paper 13 · Q17Show mark scheme →
A4.9 kW
B5.4 kW
C20 kW
D22 kW
Mark scheme
138Feb / March 2018 · Paper 12 · Q14Show mark scheme →
A28 kW
B32 kW
C60 kW
D190 kW
Mark scheme
139Feb / March 2018 · Paper 12 · Q15Show mark scheme →
A5.0%
B6.7%
C75%
D95%
Mark scheme
140Feb / March 2018 · Paper 12 · Q17Show mark scheme →
A102 kW
B142 kW
C182 kW
D470 kW
Mark scheme
141Oct / Nov 2017 · Paper 11 · Q3Show mark scheme →
Athe average force on the ion
Bthe change in kinetic energy of the ion
Cthe change in momentum of the ion
Dthe change in velocity of the ion
Mark scheme
142Oct / Nov 2017 · Paper 11 · Q9Show mark scheme →
A120 m
B125 m
C156 m
D250 m
Mark scheme
143Oct / Nov 2017 · Paper 11 · Q16Show mark scheme →
A\frac{P_I}{P_O + P_L}
B\frac{P_L}{P_I}
C\frac{P_L}{P_O}
D\frac{P_O}{P_I}
Mark scheme
144Oct / Nov 2017 · Paper 11 · Q17Show mark scheme →
A30 J
B3.0 \times 10^3 J
C3.0 \times 10^5 J
D3.0 \times 10^7 J
Mark scheme
145Oct / Nov 2017 · Paper 11 · Q19Show mark scheme →
A0.15 MW
B1.5 MW
C1.7 MW
D90 MW
Mark scheme
146Oct / Nov 2017 · Paper 12 · Q16Show mark scheme →
Azero
B1/2 mv²
Cmgh
D2mgh
Mark scheme
147Oct / Nov 2017 · Paper 12 · Q17Show mark scheme →
A$\dfrac{mgs\sin\alpha}{Fv}$
B$\dfrac{mv}{Fs}$
C$\dfrac{mv^2}{2Fs}$
D$\dfrac{mg\sin\alpha}{F}$
Mark scheme
148Oct / Nov 2017 · Paper 13 · Q15Show mark scheme →
ABy the principle of conservation of energy, the total energy of the ball is constant throughout its motion.
BBy the principle of conservation of momentum, the momentum of the ball is constant throughout its motion.
CThe kinetic energy of the ball is greatest at the greatest height attained.
DThe potential energy of the ball increases at a constant rate during its ascent.
Mark scheme
149Oct / Nov 2017 · Paper 13 · Q16Show mark scheme →
Adriving force and momentum
Bkinetic energy and mass
Cmass and momentum
Dspeed and driving force
Mark scheme
150Oct / Nov 2017 · Paper 13 · Q19Show mark scheme →
A300 W
B500 W
C600 W
D700 W
Mark scheme
151May / June 2017 · Paper 11 · Q15Show mark scheme →
Achemical potential to gravitational potential
Bchemical potential to kinetic
Ckinetic to gravitational potential
Dthermal (heat) to kinetic
Mark scheme
152May / June 2017 · Paper 11 · Q16Show mark scheme →
A\frac{X}{X-Y}
B\frac{Y}{X-Y}
C\frac{X-Y}{X}
D\frac{X-Y}{Y}
Mark scheme
153May / June 2017 · Paper 11 · Q18Show mark scheme →
A(Eₚ – Eₖ)t
B(Eₚ + Eₖ)t
C\frac{E_p - E_k}{t}
D\frac{E_p + E_k}{t}
Mark scheme
154May / June 2017 · Paper 11 · Q19Show mark scheme →
A26 kW
B35 kW
C1.6 MW
D2.1 MW
Mark scheme
155May / June 2017 · Paper 12 · Q15Show mark scheme →
A160 J
B290 J
C440 J
D610 J
Mark scheme
156May / June 2017 · Paper 12 · Q16Show mark scheme →
Amg
B\frac{m(v^2 - 2gh)}{h}
Cm\left(g - \frac{v^2}{2h}\right)
Dm\left(gh - \frac{v^2}{2}\right)
Mark scheme
157May / June 2017 · Paper 12 · Q18Show mark scheme →
Apower = work done / time taken and work done = force × displacement; so power = (force × displacement) / time taken; so power = force × velocity
Bpower = work done / time taken and work done = force × distance; so power = (force × distance) / time taken; so power = force × velocity
Cpower = work done / time taken and work done = force / displacement; so power = (force / displacement) × time taken; so power = force / velocity
Dpower = work done / time taken and work done = force / distance; so power = (force / distance) × time taken; so power = force / velocity
Mark scheme
158May / June 2017 · Paper 13 · Q8Show mark scheme →
Aair resistance | acceleration
Bloss of height | gain in kinetic energy
Closs of potential energy | work done against air resistance
Dtime | velocity
Mark scheme
159May / June 2017 · Paper 13 · Q14Show mark scheme →
Aa girl dives from a diving board into a swimming pool — work is done by the girl against the gravitational field as she falls
Ba man pushes a car along a level road — work is done by the man against friction
Can electron is accelerated towards a positively charged plate — work is done on the electron by the electric field of the plate
Da piston is pushed outwards as a gas expands — work is done on the atmosphere by the gas
Mark scheme
160May / June 2017 · Paper 13 · Q15Show mark scheme →
A$\dfrac{P_L}{P_O}$
B$\dfrac{P_I}{P_O}$
C$\dfrac{P_L}{P_I}$
D$\dfrac{P_O}{P_I}$
Mark scheme
161May / June 2017 · Paper 13 · Q17Show mark scheme →
A40 W
B0.39 kW
C4.0 kW
D39 kW
Mark scheme
162Feb / March 2017 · Paper 12 · Q16Show mark scheme →
A\frac{U}{E_{in}} \times 100\%
B\frac{W}{E_{in}} \times 100\%
C\frac{U}{W} \times 100\%
D\frac{U+W}{E_{in}} \times 100\%
Mark scheme
163Feb / March 2017 · Paper 12 · Q19Show mark scheme →
A12 kW
B31 kW
C42 kW
D65 kW
Mark scheme
164Oct / Nov 2016 · Paper 11 · Q17Show mark scheme →
A5.6%
B43%
C57%
D68%
Mark scheme
165Oct / Nov 2016 · Paper 11 · Q18Show mark scheme →
A\frac{W}{Q_{in} + Q_{out}}
B\frac{W}{Q_{in} - Q_{out}}
C\frac{W}{Q_{in}}
D\frac{W}{Q_{out}}
Mark scheme
166Oct / Nov 2016 · Paper 11 · Q19Show mark scheme →
A14 m s^{-1}
B24 m s^{-1}
C31 m s^{-1}
D190 m s^{-1}
Mark scheme
167Oct / Nov 2016 · Paper 12 · Q20Show mark scheme →
Azero
B2.3 × 10^4 W
C5.3 × 10^4 W
D7.5 × 10^4 W
Mark scheme
168Oct / Nov 2016 · Paper 13 · Q17Show mark scheme →
A5.6%
B43%
C57%
D68%
Mark scheme
169Oct / Nov 2016 · Paper 13 · Q18Show mark scheme →
A\frac{W}{Q_{in} + Q_{out}}
B\frac{W}{Q_{in} - Q_{out}}
C\frac{W}{Q_{in}}
D\frac{W}{Q_{out}}
Mark scheme
170Oct / Nov 2016 · Paper 13 · Q19Show mark scheme →
A14 m s^{-1}
B24 m s^{-1}
C31 m s^{-1}
D190 m s^{-1}
Mark scheme
171May / June 2016 · Paper 11 · Q16Show mark scheme →
A\frac{pV_0}{q}
B\frac{V_F}{V_0 q}
C\frac{p(V_F - V_0)}{q}
D\frac{(V_F - V_0)}{V_0 q}
Mark scheme
172May / June 2016 · Paper 11 · Q17Show mark scheme →
Aresistive force F proportional to v; power P constant
Bresistive force F proportional to v; power P proportional to v
Cresistive force F proportional to v^2; power P proportional to v^2
Dresistive force F proportional to v^2; power P proportional to v^3
Mark scheme
173May / June 2016 · Paper 11 · Q19Show mark scheme →
A0.050 N
B2.0 N
C50 N
D2000 N
Mark scheme
174May / June 2016 · Paper 12 · Q17Show mark scheme →
A1850 J
B2450 J
C3050 J
D3640 J
Mark scheme
175May / June 2016 · Paper 12 · Q18Show mark scheme →
A54 kW
B64 kW
C530 kW
D630 kW
Mark scheme
176May / June 2016 · Paper 12 · Q19Show mark scheme →
A6 s
B15 s
C30 s
D60 s
Mark scheme
177May / June 2016 · Paper 13 · Q16Show mark scheme →
Aon the platform before the jump
Bon the way down before the cord has started to extend
Con the way down as he decelerates
Dat the bottom of the jump when he is stationary
Mark scheme
178May / June 2016 · Paper 13 · Q17Show mark scheme →
A4.0 J
B5.6 J
C9.6 J
D15 J
Mark scheme
179May / June 2016 · Paper 13 · Q18Show mark scheme →
A5 kN
B10 kN
C50 kN
D100 kN
Mark scheme
180May / June 2016 · Paper 13 · Q19Show mark scheme →
A14%
B16%
C22%
D47%
Mark scheme
181Feb / March 2016 · Paper 12 · Q15Show mark scheme →
A2.4 MW
B8.0 MW
C12 MW
D20 MW
Mark scheme
182Feb / March 2016 · Paper 12 · Q17Show mark scheme →
A1.8%
B5.6%
C22%
D55%
Mark scheme