Identification of ions and gases

What the syllabus asks of you

• Describe tests to identify the anions: (a) carbonate, CO3 2–, by reaction with dilute acid and then testing for carbon dioxide gas (b) chloride, Cl –, bromide, Br –, and iodide, I –, by acidifying with dilute nitric acid then adding aqueous silver nitrate (c) nitrate, NO3 –, reduction with aluminium foil and aqueous sodium hydroxide and then testing for ammonia gas (d) sulfate, SO4 2–, by acidifying with dilute nitric acid and then adding aqueous barium nitrate (e) sulfite, SO3 2–, by reaction with acidified aqueous potassium manganate(VII) Core Supplement
• Describe tests using aqueous sodium hydroxide and aqueous ammonia to identify the aqueous cations: (a) aluminium, Al 3+ (b) ammonium, NH4 + (c) calcium, Ca2+ (d) chromium(III), Cr3+ (e) copper(II), Cu2+ (f) iron(II), Fe2+ (g) iron(III), Fe3+ (h) zinc, Zn2+
• Describe tests to identify the gases: (a) ammonia, NH3, using damp red litmus paper (b) carbon dioxide, CO2, using limewater (c) chlorine, Cl 2, using damp litmus paper (d) hydrogen, H2, using a lighted splint (e) oxygen, O2, using a glowing splint (f) sulfur dioxide, SO2, using acidified aqueous potassium manganate(VII)
• Describe the use of a flame test to identify the cations: (a) lithium, Li+ (b) sodium, Na+ (c) potassium, K+ (d) calcium, Ca2+ (e) barium, Ba2+ (f) copper(II), Cu2+