Sexual reproduction in plants

16.3

What the syllabus asks of you

Identify and draw the sepals, petals, stamens (anthers and filaments) and carpels (stigmas, styles, ovaries and ovules) of an insect-pollinated flower
Identify and draw the anthers and stigmas of a wind-pollinated flower
Relate the structure of the parts of flowers to their functions, limited to the parts listed in 16.3.1
Compare the flower structure and the pollen from insect-pollinated and wind-pollinated flowers
Outline the process of pollination and distinguish between self-pollination and cross-pollination
Discuss the potential effects of self-pollination and cross-pollination on a population, in terms of variation, capacity to respond to changes in the environment and reliance on pollinators
Describe the growth of the pollen tube and its entry into the ovule followed by fertilisation (production of endosperm and details of development are not required)
Understand that after fertilisation the ovules develop into seeds and the ovary develops into a fruit
Investigate and describe the structure of a seed, limited to embryo (radicle, plumule and cotyledons) and testa
Understand that seed and fruit dispersal by wind and by animals is a means of colonising new areas and of reducing competition
Relate the features of wind-dispersed fruits and animal-dispersed fruits to their functions
Investigate and state the environmental conditions that affect germination of seeds, limited to: suitable temperature, water and oxygen
Describe the process of germination, including the role of enzymes