Gas exchange in humans

What the syllabus asks of you

• Describe the features of gas exchange surfaces in humans, limited to: large surface area, thin surface, good blood supply and good ventilation with air
• Identify in diagrams and images the following 6 Identify in diagrams and images the internal and parts of the breathing system: lungs, external intercostal muscles diaphragm, ribs, intercostal muscles, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli and associated capillaries 7 State the function of cartilage in the trachea 8 Explain the role of the ribs, the internal and external intercostal muscles and the diaphragm in producing volume and pressure changes in the thorax leading to the ventilation of the lungs
• Investigate the differences in composition 9 Explain the differences in composition between between inspired and expired air using inspired and expired air limewater as a test for carbon dioxide
• Describe the differences in composition between inspired and expired air, limited to: oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapour
• Investigate and describe the effects of physical 10 Explain the link between physical activity and activity on the rate and depth of breathing the rate and depth of breathing in terms of: an increased carbon dioxide concentration in the blood, which is detected by the brain, leading to an increased rate and greater depth of breathing 11 Explain the role of goblet cells, mucus and ciliated cells in protecting the breathing system from pathogens and particles