Physics · Oct / Nov 2023 · Paper 41 · Question 10
0625
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The Milky Way is one of many billions of galaxies. Each galaxy contains many billions of stable stars.
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10(a)[3]
hydrogen nuclei fuse to become helium nuclei
nuclear reactions OR (nuclear) fusion
hydrogen fuses into helium
10(b)(i)[2]
(observed) wavelength is longer / wavelength is shifted towards the red end of the spectrum
(light from galaxy) redshifted / shifted towards red (end of spectrum)
10(b)(ii)[1]
change in wavelength (or starlight due to redshift)
10(c)(i)[2]
5.9 × 1024 m
H0 = v/d OR (d =) v / H0 OR 1.3 × 107 / 2.2 × 10–18 OR 5.9 × 10N (m)
10(c)(ii)[2]
1.4 × 1010 (years)
(age =) 1 / H0 or 1 / 2.2 × 10–18 or 4.5 × 1017
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