Physics · May / June 2023 · Paper 41 · Question 10
0625
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Pluto is a dwarf planet. Fig. 10.1 shows the direction of motion of Pluto as it follows its elliptical orbit around the Sun. Pluto Sun direction of motion orbit Y X Fig. 10.1 (not to scale)
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10(a)(i)[1]
(speed) decreases (from X to Y) and then increases (from Y to X)
10(a)(ii)[3]
any three from:
gravitational (potential) energy (GPE) transfers to kinetic energy (KE) or vice versaKE transfers to GPE from X to Y AND GPE transfers to KE from Y to Xspeed decreases as KE decreases / ORAmost GPE at Y OR least GPE at Xtotal (of GPE + KE) energy is constant10(b)(i)[1]
–230 (°C)
10(b)(ii)[2]
(white surface) is a poor absorber / good reflector / poor emitter of IR / radiation
OR black / other surface is a good absorber / poor reflector / good emitter of IR / radiation
any one from:
(the white surface) increases in temperature less when facing the Sun(the white surface) decreases in temperature less when facing away (from Sun)the black / other surfaces increases in temperature more when facing the Sunthe black / other surface decreases in temperature more when facing away (from Sun)less variation in temperature on white surface (during one whole rotation)
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