Pakistan Studies · May / June 2016 · Paper 1 · Question 4

What was the ‘One Unit’ Scheme? [4]

Reward each correct statement with 1 mark. 2 marks can be awarded for a developed statement. Candidates might refer to: Iskander Mirza (Acting Governor-General) introduced it in 1955 to unify all of West Pakistan. He claimed it would bring about greater efficiency and enable more rapid development. West Pakistan politicians and administrators feared their influence may be challengedif they did not do this, especially as there were 10 million more people in East Pakistan. By unifying West Pakistan and making West Pakistan and East Pakistan official with equal representation in the Assembly, the One Unit Scheme prevented East Pakistan from gaining a majority in the Assembly. This was very unpopular in East Pakistan.

Explain why Ayub Khan introduced Martial Law in 1958. LEVEL 1: Simplistic statement [1]

To stabilise Pakistan. LEVEL 2: Identifies reasons [2–4] To stabilise Pakistan as there had been so many Prime Ministers between 1956 and 1958. LEVEL 3: Explains reasons [5–7] There were a number of Prime Ministers between 1956 and 1958 and it reached a stage when General Ayub Khan felt the army should take control to restore stability. East Pakistan’s politicians wanted more say in the running of the central government which increased tension. Iskander Mirza had lost the support of many of the leading politicians and was alarmed at a plan by Suharwardy to unite the political leadership of Bengal and Punjab against him. Therefore he turned to Ayub Khan and the military for help.

How successful was Pakistan in solving the problems of Partition during 1947 and 1948? Explain your answer. LEVEL 1: Simplistic statement [1–2] Quaid-e-Azam became the Governor-General in 1947. LEVEL 2: Identifies solutions or describes the problems [3–6] Refugees were helped. LEVEL 3: Explains successes OR explains failures in terms of solutions [7–10] LEVEL 4: Explains successes AND failures in terms of solutions [9–13] Successes: The Quaid-e-Azam Relief Fund was created to help refugees. Quaid-e-Azam toured the provinces encouraging and motivating the people. He appealed to the people to help the refugees. He declared himself ‘Protector-General’ of religious minorities. The State Bank of Pakistan was set up. Karachi was made capital of Pakistan. The Civil Services were re-organised. Pakistan joined the United Nations and attempted to draw their attention to Kashmir issue. Failures: The Kashmir and other Princely States issues were not resolved. The Canal Water Dispute was not resolved until 1959. Millions were made homeless or died as a result of partition. LEVEL 5: As Level 4 – also produces a judgement or evaluation [14]