Pakistan Studies · May / June 2022 · Paper 11 · Question 1

0448

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Study the sources (Insert) carefully and then answer the questions which follow.

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1(a)[3]
According to Source A, what examples of ‘enormous progress’ (line 1) had the Muslim League made?
Target: AO4
it had ‘become a strong institution’
it would be ‘capable of having a long-term influence’
‘the League was a great success’
the British ‘were taking the Muslim League seriously’ [1] ‘and thought of them as a major power’ [1]
‘Muslim India was now politically ‘conscious and awake’’
‘the Muslim League would be a permanent feature of Indian politics’ One mark for each relevant statement correctly identified from the source. Note: candidates may paraphrase but content must be derived from the bullet point statements above.
1(b)[5]
What can we learn from Source B about the tensions that existed over the future of the subcontinent?
Target: AO1, AO4
Level 3 (4–5 marks) Supported valid inference(s)
one valid inference supported by a surface feature from source B [4]
additional valid inference(s) supported by surface feature(s) from source B or one valid inference supported by a surface feature from source B and contextual knowledge [5]
Level 2 (2–3 marks) Unsupported valid inference(s)
one unsupported valid inference [2]
additional unsupported valid inference(s) [3]
Level 1 (1 mark) Identifies a surface feature
Any correct surface feature taken from source B [1]
Level 0 (0 marks) No creditable response
Note: an unsupported valid inference can only be credited if it can be inferred directly from the source.
Note: In Levels 1–3 a response that does not use source B cannot be credited.
Indicative content
Surface feature
two elephants are clashing/facing/charging/fighting each other
the elephant on the left is labelled Hindu India
the elephant on the right is labelled Muslim India
the lion/monkey/man is labelled Attlee
there is a lion/monkey/man in between the two elephants/in the middle
the lion/monkey/man is wearing bandages
the lion/monkey/man is saying ‘no more of that I’m leaving’/I’m leaving Valid inference
it was between two powerful sides/two sides who were
determined/wanted different things
it damaged Britain
both sides were attacking Britain
it shows the British are failing/lost control/struggling for control
it shows the Muslims and Hindus rejected British rule
it shows the British were under pressure
it shows there was tension between the Muslims and Hindus
neither side/community look prepared to ‘give in’/concede ground
tensions between the three figures were longstanding
it shows that Britain had a role as negotiator
efforts by the British to intervene have been unsuccessful and damaging to Britain
Contextual knowledge
the Cabinet Mission Plan, 1946
threat of civil war after Direct Action Day in August 1946
formation of an interim government in September 1946 (led by Nehru)
the 3 June Plan, 1947
‘Hindu India’ wanted a united India and ‘Muslim India’ wanted an independent state of Pakistan
Britain wanted to leave India, but would only do so once Mountbatten’s plan had been implemented
Other relevant responses should also be credited.
1(c)[7]
Explain why the Cripps Mission had limited success in 1942.
Target: AO1, AO2
Mark according to the level of response descriptors in Table 1.
Indicative content
Congress rejected it
the Muslim League opposed it
Britain was concentrating on the War
this combined rejection demonstrated the weakness of the proposals made
Other relevant responses should also be credited.
Level of response, Table 1: used to mark the part (c) question in Section A and part (b) questions in Section B
Target: Demonstrates knowledge and understanding of the past through historical explanation (AO1, AO2)
Level 3 (5–7 marks): Explanation
one explanation [5]
two explanations or one developed explanation [6]
additional explanation(s) and/or developed explanation(s) [7]
Supported by relevant and accurate contextual knowledge
Level 2 (2–4 marks): Identification/description
Identifies and/or describes using relevant and accurate contextual
knowledge (1 mark per identification/description)
Level 1 (1 mark): General answer
Valid general comment lacking specific knowledge
Level 0 (0 marks): No creditable response
1(d)[10]
‘Disagreement over the future role of central government in the subcontinent was the main reason for the breakdown of the Gandhi– Jinnah talks in 1944.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer.
Target: AO1, AO2
Level 5 (10 marks) Explains with evaluation/judgement
Explanation at the top of Level 4 with an evaluation/judgement supported by relevant and accurate contextual knowledge
Level 4 (7–9 marks) Explanation of both sides of the issue
one explanation of each side of the issue [7]
two explanations or one developed explanation of one side of the issue and an explanation of the other side of the issue [8]
additional explanation(s) and/or developed explanation(s) from either side of the issue [9]
Supported by relevant and accurate contextual knowledge
Level 3 (4–6 marks) Explanation of one side of the issue
one explanation [4]
two explanations or one developed explanation [5]
additional explanation(s) and/or developed explanation(s) [6]
Supported by relevant and accurate contextual knowledge
Level 2 (2–3 marks) Identification/description of the issue
Identifies and/or describes the issue using relevant and accurate contextual knowledge (1 mark per identification/description)
Level 1 (1 mark) General answer
Valid general comment lacking specific subject knowledge
Level 0 (0 marks) No creditable response
Indicative content
May agree that the disagreement over the future role of central government in the subcontinent was the main reason for the breakdown of the Gandhi– Jinnah talks in 1944:
Gandhi wanted central government to have control over defence and foreign policy
Jinnah thought such matters should be in the hands of local government and/or provinces
counter-arguments might include:
Gandhi felt that partition should not be discussed until after the British left India. Jinnah wanted partition before the British left as Congress were unlikely to agree to it once the British had gone.
Gandhi considered himself to be speaking for all of India. Jinnah reminded him that, as a Hindu, Gandhi was only the spokesman of Congress.
Gandhi and Jinnah disagreed over the ‘Two-Nation’ Theory which had become official Muslim League policy.
Other relevant responses should also be credited.

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