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Pakistan Studies · May / June 2021 · Paper 11 · Question 5

0448

As printed in the paper

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  • 5(a)[4]

    Describe the main events of Muhammad Khan Junejo’s political career.

    Target: AO1

    One mark for each relevant point. Additional mark for supporting detail. Indicative content

    Zia-ul-Haq [1] chose him as Prime Minister [1] in 1985 [1]
    Muhammad Khan Junejo worked to develop the new Muslim League party
    he called an all-Party Conference [1] in 1988 [1] to discuss the Afghan situation [1]
    he announced an inquiry into an explosion at the army weapons dump/ Ojhri Camp [1] in 1988 [1] promising justice [1]
    he was dismissed from office [1] by Zia-ul-Haq [1] on 29 May 1988 [1] Other relevant responses should also be credited.

  • 5(b)[7]

    Explain why there were changes of government between 1951 and 1958.

    Target: AO1, AO2

    Mark according to the level of response descriptors in Table 1.

    Indicative content

    Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Liaquat Ali Khan had died
    the remaining politicians were inexperienced
    In 1953 there was a severe drought causing food shortages
    there was some discontent amongst the people who were suffering hardship leading to riots
    East Pakistan had faced severe floods causing food shortages in 1955 Other relevant responses should also be credited.

    Level of response, Table 1: used to mark the part (c) question in Section A and part (b) questions in Section B

    Target: Demonstrates knowledge and understanding of the past through historical explanation (AO1, AO2)

    Level 3 (5–7 marks): Explanation

    one explanation [5]

    two explanations or one developed explanation [6]

    additional explanation(s) and/or developed explanation(s) [7]

    Supported by relevant and accurate contextual knowledge

    Level 2 (2–4 marks): Identification/ description

    Identifies and/or describes using relevant and accurate contextual

    knowledge (1 mark per identification/ description)

    Level 1 (1 mark): General answer

    Valid general comment lacking specific knowledge

    Level 0 (0 marks): No creditable response

  • 5(c)[14]

    ‘Pakistan has had good relations with the United States of America since 1947.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer.

    Target: AO1, AO2

    Mark according to the level of response descriptors in Table 2.

    Indicative content

    May agree that Pakistan has had good relations with the United States of America since 1947:

    Pakistan signed the Mutual Defence Assistance Agreement in 1954
    Pakistan joined SEATO in 1955
    Ayub Khan allowed USA to build air bases in Pakistan
    USA gave aid packages of $1.6 billion spread over five years in 1981 and $4.2 billion in 1986
    President Clinton restored sales of aircraft to Pakistan in 1993
    First Lady of the USA visited Pakistan in 1996
    Benazir Bhutto visited USA in 1996
    USA reimbursed Pakistan for the F-16 payments and provided military equipment worth $388 million in 1996

    counter-arguments might include:

    USA provided military equipment to India during its war with China in 1962
    Pakistan turned away from USA to China for friendship in 1962
    USA placed an arms embargo on India and Pakistan in 1965
    USA aid was suspended in 1977 and 1979 during Zia-ul-Haq’s rule
    at the end of the Afghan conflict USA would not declare Pakistan nuclear free and blocked aid
    In 1992 the USA placed economic sanctions on Pakistan
    USA objected to Pakistan’s nuclear tests in 1998

    Other relevant responses should also be credited.

    Level of response, Table 2: used to mark the part (c) question in Section B

    Target: Demonstrates knowledge and understanding of the past through historical explanation and an ability to analyse and evaluate historical events (AO1, AO2)

    Level 5 (13–14 marks): Explanation with evaluation/ judgement

    explanation at the top of Level 4 with an evaluation/ judgement supported

    by relevant and accurate contextual knowledge [13]

    explanation at the top of Level 4 with a developed evaluation/ judgement

    supported by relevant and accurate contextual knowledge [14]

    Level 4 (10–12 marks): Explanation of both sides of the issue

    one explanation of each side of the issue [10]

    two explanations or one developed explanation of one-side of the issue

    and an explanation of the other side of the issue [11]

    additional explanation(s) and/or developed explanation(s) from either

    side of the issue [12]

    Supported by relevant and accurate contextual knowledge

    Level 3 (7–9 marks): Explanation of one-side of the issue

    one explanation [7]

    two explanations or one developed explanation [8]

    additional explanation(s) and/or developed explanation(s) [9]

    Supported by relevant and accurate contextual knowledge

    Level 2 (3–6 marks): Identification/ description of the issue

    Identifies and/or describes the issue using relevant and accurate contextual

    knowledge (1 mark per identification/ description)

    Level 1 (1–2 marks): General answer

    Valid general comment(s) lacking specific subject knowledge (1 mark per

    general comment)

    Level 0 (0 marks): No creditable response

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