Pakistan Studies · May / June 2020 · Paper 11 · Question 5
0448
As printed in the paper
Show the answer and mark scheme
5(a)[4]
Who was Fatima Jinnah?
Level 1: One mark for each relevant point, two marks for a developed statement
1–4 e.g.
The sister of Muhammad Ali Jinnah [1], a dentist [1] who gave up her career to support him especially after the death of his wife [1];In 1965 [1], aged 71 [1] she stood in the presidential election (against Ayub Khan) [1];She was very popular [1] and so is known as Khatoon-i-Pakistan (First Lady of Pakistan) [1], and Madar-i-Millat (Mother of the Nation) [1]. No evidence submitted or response does not address the question 05(b)[7]
Explain why Benazir Bhutto’s government ended in 1996.
Level 3: Explains reason(s)
5–7 (Five marks for one explanation, six marks for two explanations, seven marks for three explanations)
e.g.
The opposition (PML) undermined her government with some success by organising strikes, marches and critical speeches, which reducing the government’s efficiency. The PPP responded by arresting senior PML leaders which increased opposition to the government;Benazir Bhutto was criticised for not improving the social services or bringing in measures for women. The PPP had campaigned on in their ‘Agenda for Change’ in the 1993 elections. Not fulfilling their election promises made the government less popular;Her government was unable to overcome multiple economic problems despite the sale of nationalised industry. This contributed to the government losing credibility;The government lacked unity as there were well publicised family disputes over control of the PPP.Level 2: Identifies reason(s)
2–4 (One mark for each identification)
e.g.
The government’s economic policies failed.Level 1: Simple statement
1 (One mark for any simple statement)
e.g.
She could not govern effectively.No evidence submitted or response does not address the question 0
5(c)[14]
Was the collapse of the Bank of Credit and Commerce International (BCCI) the main reason for the government ending in 1993? Explain your answer.
Level 5: Explains with evaluation
14 (As top Level 4 plus a judgement or evaluation)
Level 4: Explains WHY the BCCI collapse AND other reasons were the main reason for the government ending in 1993.
9–13 (Two explanations, one on the achievements and one on another reason, are worth nine marks. Additional explanations awarded up to 13 marks) e.g.
BCCI
The collapse of BCCI bank in 1991 led to investors losing huge sums of money harming Pakistan’s finances. This caused the government to lose a lot of political support.Other
US had provided support during the Soviet-Afghan war, which was reduced when the war ended causing economic problems;US aid was restricted when the USA tried to pressurise Pakistan into ending the nuclear programme causing further economic problems;Support for Afghan warlords had led to guns becoming freely available increasing crime, kidnappings and murder. There were also drug problems associated with refugees from the Soviet-Afghan war flooding into towns and cities. Both increased pressure on the government;The government lost support over the ‘Cooperative Societies scandal’. In Punjab alone 700 000 people lost their savings when the state cooperative society went bankrupt.;The Shariat Bill was unpopular with groups in the alliance who wanted Islam to play an even greater role in government and others in opposition who wanted it decreased.Level 3: Explains WHY the BCCI collapse OR other reasons were responsible for ending the government in 1993.
7–10 (One explanation is worth seven marks. Additional explanations awarded up to 10 marks)
See exemplars in L4
Level 2: Identifies/describes reason
3–6 (One identification/description is worth three marks. Extra marks are awarded for additional identification/descriptions up to six marks) e.g.
There were many economic and social problems;The government’s relations with the President deteriorated.Level 1: Simple statement(s)
1–2 e.g.
The government was unpopular.No evidence submitted or response does not address the question 0
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