Islamiyat · Oct / Nov 2024 · Paper 21 · Question 4

Describe how Muslims observe the fast of Ramadan and how they should spend this month.

Mark according to the marking grid for AO1 – Knowledge on page 5. Answers may include some of the following ideas, but all valid material must be credited.

Some of the guidelines of how Muslims should observe the fast of Ramadan and how they should spend this holy month are as follows:

Intention (niyyah) to observe the fast must be made after the pre-dawn meal (suhur) has been taken before the break of dawn and the fast must end at sunset promptly. Candidates can quote the supplication made for the intention of the fast and can say that it is sunna to break the fast with dates or water; supplication recited at the time of opening the fast can also be given. Whilst fasting, Muslims are conscious of keeping their minds and body clean, avoiding any non-halal foods, staying away from gossiping and back biting etc., and spending more time in the recitation of the Qur’an and remembrance of God, prayer and supplication.

Muslims also tend to be more charitable and generous in the month of Ramadan. Zakat is given by many Muslims in the month of Ramadan. Muslims also try to maintain cordial relations with all, reconcile differences amongst themselves and reflect on their spiritual and moral conduct.

In your opinion, how does fasting in Ramadan encourage unity amongst Muslims? Give reasons to support your answer.

Mark according to the marking grid for AO2 – Understanding on page 5.

Answers may include some of the following ideas, but all valid material must be credited.

People generally care for the needs of their families but are perhaps less aware of the needs/troubles of those outside their circle. Fasting creates, especially amongst the rich, a sense of awareness of the plight of the poor as they suffer the pangs of hunger and thirst themselves during their fast. It creates a feeling of empathy and takes away selfishness, by which unity is created in the community between Muslims and improves social relations. When Muslims fast together in Ramadan and break their fast by eating and praying with one another, an atmosphere of brotherhood and harmony is created which brings them closer together and creates unity amongst them as they come closer together to their Creator in worship and the practice of this Pillar.

More charity is given in Ramadan and many Muslims give their zakat in this month, which further unites the Muslims as economic well-being is ushered in and the difference between the ‘haves’ and ‘have-nots’ is reduced.