Global Perspectives · May / June 2022 · Paper 12 · Question 1

2069

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The question as text

Study Sources 1 and 2.

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1(a)[1]
From Source 1, identify the estimated number of motor vehicles in the world in 2020.
Main Annotations
Candidates should identify the following answer:
1600 million or 1 600 000 000 or equivalent
(The answer must include clear reference to millions – 1600 is not correct) 1 mark should be awarded for identifying the above.
Further guidance – the only acceptable answer is listed above. However, candidates may use their own words.
1(b)[2]
From Source 2, identify two consequences of large numbers of motor vehicles in cities.
Main Annotations
Candidates may identify the following consequence from Source 2:
Congestion.
Noise.
Accidents.
Delays.
Fuel waste.
Air pollution.
Spoilt environments.
Climate change.
Affects health.
Affects the economy.
1 mark should be awarded for each correctly identified consequence up to a maximum of 2 marks.
Further guidance – the only acceptable answers are listed above. However, candidates may use their own words.
1(c)[3]
Which consequence of large numbers of motor vehicles in cities do you think is the most significant? Explain why.
Main Annotations
Indicative content
Candidates may identify one of the following consequences:
Congestion.
Noise.
Accidents.
Delays.
Fuel waste.
Air pollution.
Spoilt environments.
Climate change.
Affects health.
Affects the economy.
Candidates may give the following reasons, any of which could be used, to justify their choice:
Has greatest impact.
Affects most people.
Creates most costs.
Ethically or morally most significant.
Has multiple negative consequences.
Creates a vicious circle.
Affects other aspects of life in society.
Reflects public opinion.
Reflects UN opinion.
Other reasonable response.
Further guidance – candidates are most likely to discuss consequences from the source as listed above. However, the assessment is focused mainly upon their reasoning / justification and therefore alternative consequences should be credited.
The following levels of response should be used to award marks:
Level 3 (3 marks) Good response
Clear explanation of significance explicitly linked to the selected consequence. Level 2 (2 marks) Reasonable response
Some explanation of significance. The link between the explanation and a consequence may be implicit/unclear at times.
Level 1 (1 mark) Limited response
A consequence is identified but with limited or no explanation of significance.
Level 0 (0 marks)
No relevant response or creditworthy material.
1(d)[6]
Explain why large numbers of motor vehicles in cities is an important global issue.
Main Annotations
Indicative content
Candidates are likely to identify the following reasons drawing upon the information in Sources 1 and 2:
The number of people living in cities across the world is increasing.
Transportation is an issue in cities across the world.
Vehicle emissions are cause of global climate change.
Vehicle emissions cause air pollution which is not confined to one country.
Other reasonable response.
The following levels of response should be used to award marks:
Level 3 (5–6 marks) Good response
Clearly reasoned, credible and structured explanation of importance. The global dimension is explicit.
Level 2 (3–4 marks) Reasonable response
Some reasoned explanation of importance. The global dimension is implicit at times.
Level 1 (1–2 marks) Limited response
Limited reasoning and explanation of importance. Explanations are partial, generalised and lack clarity. The global dimension is not apparent. Level 0 (0 marks)
No relevant response or creditworthy material.

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