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Economics (AS & A Level) · Oct / Nov 2025 · Paper 31 · Question 5

9708Efficiency and market failure

What is most likely to lead to a Pareto-optimal outcome?

  1. Aoffering bulk-buy discounts to customers who join a loyalty scheme
  2. Bswitching labour from producing low-priced products to producing high-priced products
  3. Cswitching production from labour-intensive products to capital-intensive products
  4. Dtraining low-skilled workers to operate machinery effectively

As printed in the paper

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Correct answer: D. training low-skilled workers to operate machinery effectively

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