Biology · May / June 2016 · Paper 21 · Question 4
5090
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Fig. 4.1 shows the stages in the process of genetic engineering to produce the hormone insulin. isolated DNA with insulin gene isolated plasmids DNA plasmid DNA thread bacterial enzyme cuts the plasmid insulin gene inserted into the plasmid isolated insulin gene transformed plasmid inserted into bacterium to form transformed bacterium reproduction of the bacterium production of insulin human cell bacterium stage K stage L stage M stage N Fig. 4.1
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4(a)(i)[3]
in nucleus (human) / within nuclear membrane ORA ;
in cytoplasm (bacteria) ;
thread + plasmid(s) (bacteria) ;
correct reference to chromosomes AW ;
genes / chromosomes paired (human) ; [max 3]
4(a)(ii)[2]
(cell) wall ; (cell) membrane ; [2]
4(a)(iii)[3]
4(a)(iv)[1]
4(a)(v)[1]
fermenter ;
A bioreactor [1]
Expected Answer Additional Guidance Mark
4(b)[4]
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