Biology · May / June 2025 · Paper 42 · Question 3

310 (%) ;;;

DNA ;

any two from:

1

to check (that the GM crops) inherit / have / express, gene / allele (to produce insect resistance) ;

2

to check (that the GM crops) have the same / a high enough yield / good (described) quality product / AW ;

3

to check (that the GM crops) can grow in, intended / different environments / AW ;

4

to check the gene / allele / GM / crop / plant, does not cause any unexpected / unwanted, effects / AW ;

5

idea of building up a large quantity of, seed / plants / crops (to sell to farmers) ;

any six from:

1

section of DNA / gene / allele, is isolated / cut / AW(from one organism's chromosome / DNA) ;

2

restriction enzymes used (to cut / isolate, gene / DNA / plasmid) ; 3

bacterial plasmid DNA and section of (one organism's) DNA / gene, cut with the same (restriction) enzyme ;

4

sticky ends formed (when restriction enzymes are used) ; 5

(sticky) ends / base pairs (of bacterial plasmid DNA and other organism DNA) are complementary ;

6

section of (one organism's) DNA / gene / allele, is inserted into (bacterial) plasmid (DNA) ;

7

(DNA) ligase used (to insert, gene / DNA, into plasmid) ; 8

recombinant, plasmid / DNA, is formed (when, gene / DNA, and plasmid are joined) ;

9

(recombinant / plasmid, DNA) inserted into, bacteria / another cell / organism ;

10 AVP; multiplication / reproduction / division / growth, of (GM) bacteria OR use of a fermenter for (GM) (for multiplication of bacteria) OR protein from (one organism's) gene / allele, made / expressed, in (GM) bacteria

any one from:

1

isolate / separate, (GM) crops and wild plants ;

2

grow (GM) crops in glasshouses ;

3

cover flowers (of GM crop) ;

4

remove, stamens / anthers / pollen (of GM crop) ;

5

plant another species around the (GM) crop ;

any two from:

1,2 confer resistance to,

herbicides / pesticides / disease / salinity / cold / hot / drought / wind (e.g. thicker stems) / heavy metals ;;

3

provide additional, nutrients / AW (to humans) ;

4

improved, yield / shelf life (of product) / flavour / quantity / appearance / AW ;

5

reduced pollution OR less / no, use of, fertiliser / pesticides ;