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Biology · May / June 2025 · Paper 41 · Question 4

0610

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The kidney is an organ in the excretory system.

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  • 4(a)[2]

    removal of waste products of metabolism ;

    and substances in excess (of requirements) ;

  • 4(b)[1]

    carbon dioxide ;

  • 4(c)[3]

    P - cortex ;

    Q - ureter ;

    R - medulla ;

  • 4(d)[6]

    any six from:

    1

    X contains blood ;

    2

    ref. to filtration (between X and Y) ;

    3

    proteins / blood cells / large molecules, too big to, be filtered / enter Y ; 4

    Y contains, glucose, water, urea and ions ;

    5

    Z contains no glucose ;

    6

    (all) glucose has been reabsorbed (into the blood) ;

    7

    Z contains excess, water / ions ;

    8

    (some) water / ions, reabsorbed (into the blood) ;

    9

    Z contains high(er), concentration / AW, of urea ;

    10 Z contains urine ;

  • 4(e)[2]

    deamination / removal of nitrogen-containing part (to form urea) ; assimilation / conversion to or synthesis of proteins ;

    AVP ;

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