Biology · May / June 2025 · Paper 41 · Question 1

Sun ;

8 ;;

any two from:

(energy lost as) heat / respiration ;

(named other) metabolic processes ;

(energy lost in) movement / muscle contraction ;

not all of the organism is, eaten ;

not all of the organism is digested or (energy lost in) faeces / egestion ; not every organism in that trophic level is eaten ;

any two from:

more accurate representation of energy, transfer / loss ;

idea of accounts for (different) rate of reproduction ;

idea of accounts for (different) life spans ;

idea of accounts for different, sizes / body composition, of organisms ; idea of accounts for, time / seasonal variations ;

allows (better) comparisons between ecosystems ;

area (at the same) time ;

any five from:

1

(population) increases and plateaus ;

2

birth rate exceeds mortality rate / AW ;

3

plenty of (named) resources / no competition for (named) resources / lack of predation ;

4

(then) slowing / decreasing rate, of population growth ;

5

(named) resources become limited / competition for resources / increased predation / (new) disease ;

6

birth rate and mortality rate become more equal ;

7

AVP ;