Biology · May / June 2024 · Paper 42 · Question 5

any one from:

fur / hair ;

external ears / pinna(e) ;

any three from:

1

allows genetic, variation / diversity ;

2

(allows expression of) different combinations, alleles / DNA / mutations (from parents) ;

3

allows adaptation / evolution / natural selection, in response to, changing / new / different / unpredictable, environment / conditions / AW ;

4

example of environment factor where adaptation would be an advantage ;

5

reduces chances of extinction / increases chance of survival ;

function

letter from

name Fig. 5.2

dilates in the process

M

cervix of birth / AW / AVP

release / production,

of oestrogen /

egg / ovum / ova /

L

ovary (female) gametes

/ AVP

site of fertilisation

J

oviduct site of implantation

P

uterus (lining) ;;;;

any four from:

1

gas exchange / oxygen transfers to fetus / oxygen transfers from mother / carbon dioxide transfers to mother / carbon dioxide transfers from fetus ; 2

transfers of (dissolved) nutrients, from maternal / to fetal (circulation);

3

transfer of excretory products, from fetal / to maternal (circulation) ;

4

(transfer of nutrients / excretory products) by diffusion ; 5

(placenta) produces / secretes, (named) hormone ; 6

transfer of antibodies, from maternal / to fetal (circulation) OR passive immunity provided (to fetus) ; 7

(placenta) separates fetal and maternal blood supply ; ora

8

AVP ;

any two from:

1

provides support to fetus ;

2

protect fetus from (mechanical) shock ;

3

maintains temperature (of fetus) / AW ;

4

allows movement (of fetus) / allows for development of bones and muscles / lubricant ;

5

maintains osmotic balance / prevents dehydration ; 6

ref. to swallowing of (amniotic) fluid / involved in digestive tract development / involved in lung development ;

7

provides sterile environment ;