Biology · May / June 2024 · Paper 41 · Question 3

total of five from:

mitochondria to max 4:

1

more in root hair cell / ORA ;

2

(site of) aerobic respiration ;

3

to, release / provide, energy ;

4

for active, transport / uptake, of, minerals / ions / named ion(s) ; 5

up/against, a concentration gradient ;

chloroplasts to max 4:

6

in palisade only / none in root hair cell ;

7

no light reaches root hair cells / cells are underground or in soil ; ora 8

(site of) photosynthesis ;

9

contain chlorophyll ;

10 transfers / changes, energy from light to, energy in chemicals / ATP ; 11 to synthesise, glucose / carbohydrate ;

group of, same (type) / similar, cells ;

carry out a, specific / same / common, function / role / job / task ;

any two from:

thick (cell) wall / (cell) wall with lignin ;

no end or cross walls / continuous tube / no cell contents / hollow ; wide lumen / wide (tube) / large cross-sectional area / large (internal) diameter / AW ;

pits (in the walls) ;

any one from:

thick (waxy) cuticles ;

small (leaves) / small surface area / needle-like / AW ;

rolled / curled (leaves) ;

(leaves reduced to / leaves are) spines / spikes ;

hairs ;

fleshy / swollen ;

few stomata ;

sunken stomata / stomata in grooves ;

deep / long shallow / widespread / spreading / roots cover a wide area ;