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Biology · Oct / Nov 2023 · Paper 42 · Question 3

0610

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Fig. 3.1 is a diagram of the junction between two neurones in a healthy person. Fig. 3.2 is a diagram of the junction between the same two neurones in a person who has Parkinson’s disease. This disease affects the nervous system. X neurotransmitter neurotransmitter receptor protein receptor protein Y Fig. 3.1 Fig. 3.2

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  • 3(a)[2]

    X – vesicle (membrane) ;

    Y – synapse / synaptic gap ;

  • 3(b)[5]

    any five from:

    movement is, impaired / slower / non-existent ;

    slower reflexes / AW ;

    fewer vesicles ;

    fewer neurotransmitters in, vesicles / X ;

    fewer neurotransmitters, released (when an impulse arrives) ;

    fewer neurotransmitters diffuse across the, synapse / gap / cleft ; fewer neurotransmitters bind to receptor proteins ;

    fewer / no, impulses (in the, postsynaptic / second / next, neurone) ; AVP ;

  • 3(c)[2]

    any two from:

    more rapid ;

    short-lived effect ;

    localised / AW ;

    transmission of (electrical) impulses ;

    (transmission is through) neurones / nerve cells ;

  • 3(d)(i)[2]

    any two from:

    sequence of bases in, gene / DNA / mRNA, determines sequence of amino acids ;

    sequence of amino acids determines shape of receptor proteins ;

  • 3(d)(ii)[2]

    move / carry, (named) molecules / ions, across membrane(s) / into or out of cells ;

    by active transport / using energy from respiration ;

    movement against concentration gradient / from low to high concentration ;

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