Biology · May / June 2023 · Paper 41 · Question 5

X – nucleus ;

Y – mRNA ;

Z – ribosome ;

sequence / order, of bases in, mRNA / DNA / gene ;

(the sequence of amino acids) determines the shape of the, protein / receptor ;

complementary / specific, shape is required for the receptor molecule to, bind / attach / fit, to neurotransmitter ;

not all genes are, expressed / switched on / activated / AW ;

cells only produce the (specific) proteins they need / AW ;

either

an alternative form of a gene ;

humans choose, specific feature(s) / desired features ;

humans choose, individuals / offspring, to reproduce ;

selection not influenced by environment / humans manipulate environment ;

decreases (genetic) variation / decreases size of gene pool ; faster / shorter ;

for economic / aesthetic, reasons ;

no / less, evolution ;

AVP ;

any two from:

meiosis ;

random mating / cross pollination / crossbreeding ;

random fertilisation ;

AVP ;;