Biology · May / June 2022 · Paper 41 · Question 3
0610
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The pancreas is an organ that has roles in the digestive and hormonal systems of humans. Fig. 3.1 shows part of the alimentary canal and some of the associated organs. stomach pancreas pancreatic duct J K L Fig. 3.1
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3(a)[3]
J – liver ;
K – gall bladder ;
L – duodenum / small intestine ;
3(b)[5]
hormones:
insulin ;
glucagon ;
enzymes:
amylase / carbohydrase ;
trypsin / protease ;
lipase ;
3(c)[3]
any three from:
active transport ;
against a concentration gradient / from low concentration to high concentration ;
protein changes shape to move (chloride) ions ;
uses energy ;
AVP ;
3(d)[3]
any three from:
idea of presence of chloride ions (in duct) decreases water potential ; (water moves by) osmosis ;
down water potential gradient / from high water potential to low water potential ;
(movement of water) through partially permeable membrane ;
3(e)(i)[2]
parents of 5 and 7 / parents of people with cystic fibrosis / 2 and 3, do not have cystic fibrosis ;
parents / 2 and 3 must be, heterozygous / carriers (of the mutant allele) ;
3(e)(ii)[5]
1 correct parental genotype aa ;
2 correct parental genotype Aa ;
3 correct gametes from the parental genotypes ;
4 correct offspring genotypes from their gametes / parental genotypes (in any order) ;
5 correct offspring phenotypes and correct probability ;
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