Biology · Oct / Nov 2021 · Paper 42 · Question 3

ovary ;

plasma / blood (vessels) ;

any two from:

1

both hormones, follow the same pattern / increase and decrease ; 2

both hormones reach a peak at, day 14 / the same time / the same day ; 3

LH starts increasing before FSH ; ora

4

LH has a higher concentration than FSH at, the peak / day 14 ;

5

LH concentrations are lower than FSH before the peak ; ora

6

LH concentrations are higher than FSH after the peak; ora

7

comparative data quote between concentrations of LH and FSH ;

any four from:

1

FSH stimulates, development / growth / maturation, of follicles (in ovary) ; 2

FSH stimulates, development / growth / maturation, of, egg

(cell) / ova / ovum / (female) gamete(s) ;

3

FSH stimulates, production / release / secretion, of oestrogen (from ovary) ; 4

(FSH and) LH (surge) stimulates, ovulation / release of egg from ovary ; 5

LH stimulates (corpus luteum / yellow body / empty follicle),

secretion / production / release, of progesterone ;

6

decrease in LH decreases secretion of progesterone (by corpus luteum) ; 7

AVP ;

any three from:

1

loss / thinning, of lining (of uterus), at the beginning of the cycle / during first week / between day 1–7 ;

2

regrowth / thickening of, lining (of uterus), during second week / after loss (of lining) / before ovulation ;

3

thickness of lining remains constant, in the last two weeks / at the end of the cycle / after ovulation / if no fertilisation ;

4

ref. to, blood vessels / glands ;

any three from:

1

(contraceptives contain) progesterone (with oestrogen) ;

2

decreases secretion / prevents release, of FSH / LH ;

3

prevents, development / maturation of, follicles / eggs / ova ;

4

prevents ovulation / described ;

5

AVP ; e.g. changes / thickens, cervical mucus to prevent entry of sperm OR

prevents, regrowth / thickening, of uterus lining (reducing chance of implantation)