Biology · May / June 2021 · Paper 41 · Question 6

any two from:

ref. to passive immunity ;

idea of immediate / fast, protection / response / AW ;

AVP ; e.g. idea that gives time for immune system to produce own, antibodies / antitoxins

any three from:

ref. to active immunity ;

(more) memory cells are produced ;

long-term, immunity / protection ;

after second injection higher concentration of antibodies than passive immunity ;

reduces the chance of catching the disease (again) / AW ;

response to second injection is, faster / greater, than first ;

AVP ;

any four from:

pathogens have antigens ;

antibodies, lock on to, antigens / pathogens ;

antibody is specific (to antigen / pathogen) ;

antibody has a complementary (shape) to antigen / AW ;

antibody marks pathogen for, destruction by phagocytes / phagocytosis ; antibodies destroy pathogens / described ;

AVP ;

any two from:

absorbs / transports, fat / fatty acids (and glycerol from lacteals) ; drains / AW, tissue fluid ;

returns, fluid / lymph, to, blood / plasma ;

AVP ;